Anatomy Final Exam Lab

Front 1

the main functions of the urinary system are

Back 1

removal of waste and regulation of water and electrolyte balance

Front 2

the renal artery carries

Back 2

oxygenated blood that needs to be filtered

Front 3

what structure conveys urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Back 3

ureter

Front 4

what is the name of the layers of smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder

Back 4

the detrusor muscle

Front 5

the internal urethral sphincter is made of

Back 5

smooth muscle and is controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Front 6

the external urethral sphincter is made of

Back 6

skeletal muscle and is controlled by the somatic nervous system

Front 7

the functional filtration unit of the kidney is the

Back 7

nephron

Front 8

the junction of the renal medulla and renal cortex is called the

Back 8

corticomedullary junction

Front 9

the tip of the renal pyramid projects into

Back 9

a minor calyx

Front 10

the major calyces merge to forma single, funnel- shaped

Back 10

renal pelvis

Front 11

what is the correct branching sequence of arteries in the kidney

Back 11

renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries

Front 12

the two components of a nephron are the

Back 12

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Front 13

where does the process of filtration take place

Back 13

renal corpuscle

Front 14

what are the components of the renal corpuscle

Back 14

bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Front 15

the juxtaglomerular apparatus monitors

Back 15

blood sodium concentration and adjusts glomerular filtration volume

Front 16

what structure can be found in the cortex of the kidney

Back 16

glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Front 17

the ascending limb is permeable to _____ and impermeable to _____

Back 17

permeable to salts, impermeable to water

Front 18

the micturition reflex (urination) involves impulses from the bladder traveling to which region of the spinal cord

Back 18

sacral

Front 19

which organ in the reproductive system produces the male gamete

Back 19

testis

Front 20

which cells produce the male sex hormone, testosterone

Back 20

leydig

Front 21

what is the name of the cell located in the epithelium of the seminiferous tubule that supports the developing sperm

Back 21

sertoli

Front 22

the urethra travels through which body erectile tissue

Back 22

corpus spongiosum

Front 23

what are the names of the accessory glands that secrete substances to form semen

Back 23

seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland

Front 24

which two structures combine to form the ejaculatory duct

Back 24

the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle

Front 25

what is the name of the germ cell from which sperm arise

Back 25

spermatogonia

Front 26

during spermatogenesis, which of the following cells is the first to become haploid

Back 26

secondary spermatocyte

Front 27

secondary spermatocytes divide to form

Back 27

spermatids

Front 28

sperm cells reach maturity in the

Back 28

epididymis

Front 29

spermatids differentiate into sperm cells (spermatozoa) through a process called

Back 29

spermiogenesis

Front 30

which region of the uterine tube is the normal site of fertilization

Back 30

the ampulla

Front 31

in the follicular phase of the ovary, follicle development is stimulated by

Back 31

FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

Front 32

in the ovarian cycle, the 14 days after ovulation are called

Back 32

the luteal phase

Front 33

the uterine cycle is made up of which phases

Back 33

menstruation, proliferative, and secretory

Front 34

the ovarian cycle is made up of which phases

Back 34

follicular, ovulation, luteal

Front 35

when does a primary oocyte complete meiosis I

Back 35

just prior to ovulation

Front 36

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes a

Back 36

corpus albicans

Front 37

menstruation occurs during days

Back 37

1-5

Front 38

nuclear condensation, cytoplasmic shrinkage, and acrosomal formation are all associated specifically with

Back 38

spermiogenesis

Front 39

which of the following statements about leydig cells is false

Back 39

they secrete inhibin

Front 40

ovulation is most directly attributable to

Back 40

a surge in circulating concentrations of LH

Front 41

the cell type is responsible for forming the placenta is the

Back 41

trophoblast

Front 42

the kidneys are located in the

Back 42

peritoneum posterior to the stomach under the 12th rib

Front 43

blood in the efferent arterioles leaving the cortical nephrons flows directly into the

Back 43

peritubular capillaries

Front 44

if within a 24 hour time period, the kidneys filter a total of 180 libers of water from blood and each kidney forms approximately 1 liter of urine, approximately how much water in blood leaves both kidneys via the renal veins in that 24 hour time period

Back 44

178 liters

Front 45

if 29 grams of potassium are placed into the glomerular ultrafiltrate in 24 hours and 29 grams of potassium are reabsorbed within the tubules, what process is required to enable 2 grams to enter the ureters

Back 45

secretion

Front 46

all nephrons have the following 2 structures located in the renal cortex

Back 46

proximal convoluted tubules and glomeruli

Front 47

movement of water, ions, urea, small proteins, and glucose from the plasma within glomerular capillaries to form the fluid within the glomerular space is directly involved in

Back 47

filtration

Front 48

in order to filter blood and place the ultrafiltrate into the glomerular space, which pressure must be the highest

Back 48

glomerular hydrostatic blood pressure

Front 49

how to you calculate net filtration pressure

Back 49

start with glomerular hydrostatic pressure and subtract oncotic pressure and capsular pressure

Front 50

what would happen to the net filtration pressure if half of the plasma proteins were removed

Back 50

it would increase

Front 51

jack lost a fair amount of blood in an accident and it is best to keep more fluid in the cardiovascular system. one change would be to decrease the flow of blood into the glomeruli and decrease the amount of blood filtered. how can these changes best be implemented

Back 51

vasoconstrict the afferent arteriole

Front 52

in response to high blood pressure, the myogenic mechanism used to maintain GFR responds by contracting the _________ of the afferent arteriole to allow vasoconstriction and decrease blood flow and _______

Back 52

smooth muscle cells, gfr

Front 53

the primary function of the descending loop of henle is to

Back 53

allow H2O reabsorption

Front 54

when aquaporins are not placed into the collecting ducts, the following would occur

Back 54

urine would be more dilute (hypotonic)

Front 55

tubules in the loop of henle are selectively permeable to __________ whereas the vasa recta is nonselectively permeable to _________

Back 55

sodium and water for both

Front 56

when aquaporins are not placed into the collecting ducts, the following would occur

Back 56

urine would be more dilute (hypotonic)

Front 57

a substance such as the plant polysaccharide, inulin, is perfect for the measurement of renal clearance because

Back 57

the filtration and excretion rate is the same

Front 58

in the renin-angiotensin mechanisms, the following molecule causes vasoconstriction

Back 58

angiotensinII

Front 59

inhibition of ACE in the lung would result in

Back 59

a lack of angiotensin II

Front 60

when more Na and water are reabsorbed one would see

Back 60

an increase in blood volume and pressure

Front 61

ADH is a hormone responsible for

Back 61

placement of active aquaporins in the collecting ducts