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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 Digestive organs (organs that make up the GI Tract) |
▪️Oral cavity ▪️Pharynx ▪️Esophagus ▪️Stomach ▪️Small intestine ▪️Large intestine |
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What are the 6 Accessory digestive organs? |
▪️teeth ▪️tongue ▪️salivary glands ▪️liver ▪️gallbladder ▪️pancreas |
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The digestive system can be categorized into which two divisions? |
Digestive organs Accessory organs |
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What are hr 6 Digestive System Functions? |
1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Propulsion 4. Secretion 5. Absorption 6. Elimination |
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What are the two components of digestion? |
Mechanical Chemical |
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What are the two components of propulsion? |
Peristalsis Segmentation |
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Describe propulsion |
Wave like contraction of smooth muscle |
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Describe propulsion |
Wave like contraction of smooth muscle |
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Describe segementation |
Mixes more than moves things through the digestive tract. It also mechanically breaks stuff up. |
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What kinds of things are secretes in secretion? |
Saliva Digestive enzymes Bile Mucus |
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Describe absorption |
The blood stream picks up most of the nutrients except for lipids that are picked up by the lymphatic system. |
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What is "fiber" made of? |
Cellulose |
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The roof of the mouth is made up of the _____________&______________. |
Hard pallet Soft pallet |
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The floor of the oral cavity is made of... |
Muscles like the myohyoid muscle covered with mucosa. |
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The lateral muscle of the oral cavity is made up of the... |
Buccinator muscle |
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The muscle that makes up the lips is the... |
Orbicularis oris |
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The alveolar processes concision the... |
Roots of the teeth |
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The scientific name for gums is... |
Gingivae |
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Your gingivae are attached to your lips by little folds of mucosa called... |
Labial frenulum |
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Is the hard pallet anterior or posterior? |
Anterior |
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The soft pallet is anterior and is made of... |
Muscle and mucosa |
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The soft pallet is anterior and is made of... |
Muscle and mucosa |
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When you swallow what happens to the soft pallet? |
It elevates and tenses and keeps things from going from your oral cavity and oral pharynx up into your nasal pharynx and nasal cavity. |
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The uvula or "little grape" is part of your |
Soft pallet |
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The hard and soft pallet prevent eating from getting in the way of ________________. |
Breathing |
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What does the palate have to do with nursing? |
Makes a seal |
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The hard palate is made up of which two bones? |
Palletine and maxilla |
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The tongue helps with... |
Manipulating food and speech |
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Your tongue is attached to the floor of your oral cavity by... |
Lingual frenulum |
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What are the three salivary glands? |
1. Parotid glands 2. Submandibular glands 3. Sublingual glands |
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What does saliva do? |
▪️Moistens the mouth & food ▪️Contains salivary amylase that starts the digestion of starches ▪️fights bacteria in your mouth |
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What does saliva do? |
▪️Moistens the mouth & food ▪️Contains salivary amylase that starts the digestion of starches ▪️fights bacteria in your mouth |
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The parotid duct emptied into the oral cavity opposite the ... |
Second upper molar |
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The ducts for the Submandibular gland are on either side of the ______________ ________________ |
Lingual frenulum |
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The Sublingual glands are underneath the ___________ and are ___________. |
Tongue Small |
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"Baby" teeth are called |
Deciduous teeth |
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Your complete set of teeth are called your... |
Dentition |
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How many adult teeth do you have? |
32 |
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Your throat is your |
Pharynx |
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There are three sets of skeletal muscles that form the walls of your Pharynx and allow you to swallow and they are called... |
Superior Middle Inferior Constrictors |
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Below your Pharynx is the... |
Esophagus |
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In the abdominal cavity serous membrane is called... |
Peritoneum |
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The layer of peritoneum that lines the body wall on the inside is... |
Parietal peritoneum |
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The peritoneum that covers the organs themselves is... |
Visceral peritoneum |
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The cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum is called the |
Peritoneal cavity |
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Organs that are completely covered by peritoneum are called... |
Intraperitineal |
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Organs that are only partially covered by peritoneum are called... |
Retroparitoneal (Bladder and organs on your posterior abdominal wall) |
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The fold of peritoneum hanging off of the greater curvature of the stomach like a big fatty apron covering the intestines is called the... |
Greater Omentum |
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The Lesser Omentum attaches to the... |
Lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal duodenum and the liver |
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Most of the small intestines are... |
Intraperitoneal |
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The folds of peritoneum that surround the small intestine are... |
Mesentery |
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The Mesentary attaches the small intestine to the... |
Posterior body wall |
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The Mesentery that is associated with the small intestine is called the... |
Mesentery proper |
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The part of the large intestine covered in Mesentery is the... |
Mesocolon |
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A fold of peritoneum that runs from the liver to the anterior body wall is the... |
Falciform ligament |
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At the bottom of the Falciform ligament is the ____________ ligament. This ligament used robbery a structure of your umbilical cord. |
Round |
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The three divisions of the GI tract are... |
Foregut Midgut Hindgut |
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The foregut is made up of the... |
Liver Stomach Part of the small intestine |
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The foregut is made up of the... |
Liver Stomach Part of the small intestine |
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The midgut is made of... |
Small and large intestine |
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The foregut is made up of the... |
Liver Stomach Part of the small intestine |
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The midgut is made of... |
Small and large intestine |
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What is the artery that supplies the foregut? |
Celiac trunk |
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The foregut is made up of the... |
Liver Stomach Part of the small intestine |
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The midgut is made of... |
Small and large intestine |
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What is the artery that supplies the foregut? |
Celiac trunk |
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What is the artery that supplies the midgut? |
Superior Mesenteric |
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The foregut is made up of the... |
Liver Stomach Part of the small intestine |
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The midgut is made of... |
Small and large intestine |
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What is the artery that supplies the foregut? |
Celiac trunk |
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What is the artery that supplies the midgut? |
Superior Mesenteric |
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What is the artery that supplies the hindgut? |
Inferior Mesenteric |
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The Venus blood coming from the digestive system eventually all drains into one large vein called the... |
Hepatic portal vein |
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What are two functions of the liver? |
Detox your blood Store vitamins/nutrients |
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The celiac plexus innervates structure they receive their blood supply from the... |
Celiac trunk (forgut) |
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The superior mesenteric Plexus innervates the same structures that receive their blood supply from the... |
Superior mesenteric artery (midgut) |
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The superior mesenteric Plexus innervates the same structures that receive their blood supply from the... |
Superior mesenteric artery (midgut) |
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The inferior mesenteric Plexus innervates the same structures that receive blood from the... |
Inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut) |
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The Esophagus extends from the _____________ to the ___________. |
Pharynx Stomach |
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The job of the esophagus is to get food from the ______________ to the _____________. There is ______ absorption or digestion that happens in the Esophagus. |
Pharynx Stomach No |
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Most of the esophagus is in the _____________ but there is a tiny amount in the ___________. |
Thorax Abdomen |
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The stomach continues _____________ and ____________ digestion. |
Mechanical Chemical |
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The mechanical portion is the _____________ of the stomach. |
Churning |
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There are _______ layers of smooth muscle around your stomach that help with the churning of the food. |
3 |
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The main portion of the stomach is called the __________. |
Body |
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The portion where the esophagus enters the stomach is called the... |
Cardia |
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If you were to cut into the cardia the opening would be called the.... |
Cardiac orafice |
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The rounded portion of the stomach superior and lateral to the cardia is the... |
Fundus |
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If you move distally through the stomach it narrows and the narrowed portion is called the... |
Pylorus |
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The Pylorus attaches to the first part of the _____________. |
Small intestine |
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The opening where the stomach empties into the small intestine is the... |
Pyloric orifice |
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The circular muscle that surrounds hr Pyloric orifice is the... |
Pyloric sphincter |
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The mucosal lining is the stomach is wrinkly (in a stomach that isn't full). These are called ___________ ___________. When the stomach is full they get stretched out to create more room. |
Gastric folds |
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In the GI tract, after the stomach comes the ___________ _______________. |
Small intestine |
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The small intestine has three segments: |
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum |
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Chemical digestion completed here and the absorption of most nutrients occurs here: |
Small intestine |
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Chemical digestion completed here and the absorption of most nutrients occurs here: |
Small intestine |
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The small intestine extends from the ___________ of the stomach to the ____________ of the large intestine. |
Pylorus Cecum |
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The duodenum is snuggled up against the head of the _____________. |
Pancreas |
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The place where the pancreas and the liver secretes into the Duodenum... |
Major duadinal papilla |
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The sphincter between the large and small intestine is called... |
Iliosecal valve |
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The large intestine is called he large intestine because the _____________ is larger even though it is shorter. |
Diameter |
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The large intestine starts at the ______________ valve and ends at the ___________. |
Iliosecal valve Anus |
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__________ and ion reabsorption happens in the large intestine. |
Water |
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The vermaform appendix hangs off the __________ |
Secum |
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The gallbladder stores __________ that's made by the __________. |
Bile Liver |
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The gallbladder secretes its bile into the |
Duodenum |
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The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice into the... |
Major duodenal papilla |
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There are two ducts coming out of the liver that carry bile they are called the... |
Right and left hepatic ducts |
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The right and left hepatic duct join to form a... |
Common hepatic duct |
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The cystic duct runs through the ___________ to help transport bile. |
Gallbladder |
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The cystic duct combines with the common hepatic duct to form the... |
Common bile duct |
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The _____________is the duct the enters the major duodenal papilla. |
Common bile duct |
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List the structures in the Urinary Tract: |
Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra |
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The Urinary System consists of the Urinary tract and the__________. |
Kidneys |
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The Urinary Tract is primarily responsible for... |
Transporting storing and getting rid of urine. |
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The ______________ goes from the bladder to the outside of the body. |
Urethra |
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The ___________ run from hr kidneys down to the bladder. |
Ureters |
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What to basic things do the kidneys do? |
▪️Filter waste products from the blood stream ▪️Convert the filtrate into urine |
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The functional unit of the kidney is the ___________. |
Nephron |
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Where everything is going in and out of the kidney is called the |
Hilum |
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The Renal artery comes off of the... |
Descending abdominal aorta |
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The Renal artery comes off of the... |
Descending abdominal aorta |
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The renal vein comes off of the... |
Inferior vena cava |
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The urinary bladder contains a layer of smooth muscle called _______________. This is the muscle that contracts to empty the bladder. |
The detrusor muscle |
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There is a ligament that runs from the top of the bladder to the back side of the belly button called the... |
Median umbilical ligament |
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Blood supply to the bladder is from the |
Internal iliac artery |
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The bladder is drained by the |
Internal iliac vein |
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What are the three names for the male urethra? |
▪️Prostatic (runs through the prostate gland) ▪️Membranous (from the prostate to the urogenital diaphragm) ▪️Spongy (encased in the corpus spongiosum) |
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What is a homologue? |
A structure that develops from the same embryological tissue and perform a similar function. |
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The testes are a homologue with the |
Ovaries |
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The labia majora is a a homologue with the |
Scrotum |
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The clitoris is a homologue with the |
Penis |
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The vestibular glands is a homologue with the |
Bulbourethral glands |
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Primary sex organs are called |
Gonads |
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Gonads produce |
Gametes Sex hormones |
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Sex cells which unite to form a new individual are called |
Gametes |
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When male and female gametes fuse this is called |
Fertilization |
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Accessory sex organs are |
Ducts and glands & the uterus |
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The area between the thighs is the |
Perineum |
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The site of fertilization is with in the |
Uterine/falopian tube |
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The barrier near the vaginal orifice is the |
Hymen |
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The external genitalia in a female is called the |
Vulva |
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The Dartose muscle is smooth muscle located in the |
Scrotum |
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The Dartose muscle can move the testes __________ to the body if it is too cold or __________ from the body if it is too hot. |
Closer Away |
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Structures running to and from the testes are part of the |
Spermatic chord |
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Part of the wall of the spermatic chord is made up of the _____________ muscle |
Craymaster |
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The ___________ muscle and the ___________ muscle both move the testes in response to temperature. |
Dartose Craymaster |
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In the spermatic chord there are ... |
▪️Testicular artery ▪️Penpinoform Plexus (the veins that take blood away from the testes) ▪️Vastephrens |
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In the spermatic chord there are ... |
▪️Testicular artery ▪️Penpinoform Plexus (the veins that take blood away from the testes) ▪️Vastephrens |
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What do the vastephrens do? |
Get the sperm to the urethra so it can leave the body. |
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_____________ are the male gonad. |
Testes |
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What are the three ducts that get the sperm to the urethra in males? |
Epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct |
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What are the three parts of the male urethra? |
Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra |
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What are the accessory glands in the male reproductive system that make seminal fluid? |
Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands |
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What are the accessory glands in the male reproductive system that make seminal fluid? |
Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands |
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Seminal fluid with sperm is ___________. |
Semen |
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_______________ acts as a buffer against the vagina's acidity. |
Seminal fluid |
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How is seminal fluid like a packed lunch for the sperm? |
It nourishes them with nutrients that they need on their long journey. |
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The _____________ is where the sperm go to mature and become motile. |
Epididymis |
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Trace the path of the sperm from the testes to the ducts then through the different parts of the urethra. |
Epididymis Ductus Deferens Ejaculatory duct Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Spongy urethra |
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The penis has ________ erectile tissues. |
3 |
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The two paired erectile tissues that run on the dorsal surface of the penis are called... |
Corpora cavernosa |
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The crus of the penis is where the |
Corpora Cavernosa attach to the pubic bone. |
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The unpaired erectile tissue on the ventral side (in males) is called the... |
Corpus spongiosum |
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Which erectile tissue does the urethra run through in males? |
Corpus spongiosum |
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The bulb and the crus form the __________ of the penis. |
Root |
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The bulb and the glans of the penis are made of which erectile tissue? |
Corpus spongiosum |
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The crus of the penis is made of which erectile tissue? |
Corpora cavernosa |
