Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Functions of the skeletal system (6)
|
1.support
2.protection 3.movement 4.mineral homeostasis 5.blood cell production (bone marrow) 6.fat storage |
|
|
Osteoclast
|
large cell that destroys bone's extracellular matrix
|
|
|
# of bones in adult human body
|
206 bones
|
|
|
# of bones in adult vertebral column
|
26 bones
|
|
|
How are thoracic vertebrae unique?
|
They have facets for ribs.
|
|
|
Osteoblast
|
bone-building cells (secretes some organic components & inorganic salts)
|
|
|
Where is the cervical curve of the vertebral column?
|
neck region
|
|
|
Arthrology
|
study of joints
|
|
|
3 structural classifications of joints
|
1.fibrous
2.cartilaginous 3.synovial |
|
|
Amphiarthrosis
|
slightly moveable joint
|
|
|
Diarthrosis
|
freely moveable joint
|
|
|
Symphysis
|
cartilaginous joint; ends of bones covered with hyaline cartilage (place where two bones are closely joined)
|
|
|
6 types of synovial joints
|
1.plantar
2.hinge 3.pivot 4.condyloid 5.saddle 6. ball & socket |
|
|
What typles of movement occur at a hinge joint?
|
flexion & extension (elbow)
|
|
|
Ex.s of ball & socket joints
|
shoulder & hip
|
|
|
Hyperextension
|
continuation of extension beyond anatomical position (look up at sky, reach back, pull leg back to kick)
|
|
|
Adduction
|
movement toward midline (end of a jumping jack)
|
|
|
Rhematoid arthritis
|
autoimmune disease (own cells attacking); attacks cartilage & joint linings
|
|
|
Arthritis
|
joints are swollen, stiff, painful
|
|
|
Dislocation
|
displacement of bone from joint; tearing of ligaments, tendons, & articular capsules.
|
|
|
Most common form of arthritis
|
osteoarthritis
|
|
|
Functions of muscular system (4)
|
1.movement
2.stabilizing body positions 3.storing/moving substances w/in body (digestive system) 4.producing heat |
|
|
Myoglobin
|
oxygen-binding, iron-containing protein w/reddish pigment (found in muscle tissue)
|
|
|
Acetylcholine
|
Ach-neurotransmitter present at neuromuscular junctions (tells which muscles to contract when)
|
|
|
Sarcolemma
|
cell membrane of muscle fiber
|
|
|
Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum
|
stores calcium
|
|
|
Synaptic cleft
|
narrow gap separating axon terminal of one muscle fiber from another
|
|
|
Main energy source for muscle contraction
|
ATP
|
|
|
Function of a sphincter
|
circular muscle that constricts opening (anus)
|
|
|
Action performed by masseter
|
devates mandible (closes mouth [as in chewing])
|
|
|
Cell appearance of smooth muscle (intestines)
|
1 nuclei per cell; not striated; involuntary
|
|
|
Cell appearance of cardiac muscle (heart)
|
1 nuclei per cell; striated; involuntary
|
|
|
Cell appearance of skeletal muscle (legs, arms etc.)
|
many nuclei per cell; striated; voluntary
|
|
|
Accessory digestive organs (6)
|
1.teeth
2.tongue 3.salivary glands 4.liver 5.gallbladder 6.pancreas |
|
|
What molecule does salivary amylase break down?
|
statrches in the mouth
|
|
|
4 main regions of stomach
|
1.cardia
2.fundus 3.body 4.pylorus |
|
|
Functions of the liver (5)
|
1.metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins
2.processes drugs/hormones 3.excretes bilirubin (orangey-yellow pigment [urine]) 4.storage of vitamins & minerals 5.activation of vitamin D |
|
|
Where does most digestion and absorption occur?
|
small intestine
|
|
|
What can be absorbed by the large intestine? (3)
|
1.water
2.ions 3.vitamins |
|
|
Functions of the kidneys (3)
|
1.regulation of blood volume & compostion
2.regulation of blood pressure & pH 3.excecretion of wastes |
|
|
Nephron
|
functional units of the kidneys
|
|
|
Micturition
|
act of urination
|
|
|
In males, structure that expels semen & unine from body?
|
urethra
|
|
|
4 structures involved in production of semen (liquid portion)
|
1.testes
2.bulbourethral glands 3.seminal vesicles 4.prostate |
|
|
In what structure does fertilization usually occur?
|
fallopian tubes
|
|
|
5 hormones involved in menstral & ovarian cycles of the female
|
1.estrogen
2.progesterone 3.LH 4.FSH 5.GnRH |
|
|
Which hormones prepare the endometrium for implantation?
|
estrogen and progesterone
|
|
|
How long is the average menstral cycle?
|
28 days
|
|
|
What hormone indicates pregnancy in maternal blood/urine?
|
hCG
|
|
|
Menstration is caused by a decrease in which 2 hormones?
|
estrogen and progesterone
|
|
|
Sketeton
|
http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/skeletons_skulls/default.html
|
|
|
Muscles
|
http://msjensen.cehd.umn.edu/webanatomy/muscular/default.html
|
