Anatomy Final

Front 1

A sustained contraction of a muscle is called a
A) twitch.
B) latent period.
C) tetanus.
D) refractory period.
E) summation.

Back 1

tetanus

Front 2

Muscle tone is due to
A) sustained muscle contraction.
B) the contraction of most muscle fibers in a whole muscle.
C) a small number of motor units activated.
D) None of the above.
E) All of the above.

Back 2

a small number of motor units activated

Front 3

Which layer of the skin becomes keratinized.?
A) dermis.
B) stratum corneum.
C) stratum basale.
D) parietal layer
E) stratum lucidum.

Back 3

stratum corneum

Front 4

Groups of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called
A) nuclei.
B) horns.
C) nerves.
D) ganglia.
E) tracts.

Back 4

ganglia

Front 5

Which of the following substances can block the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?
A) botulinum toxin
B) acetylcholinesterase
C) cocaine
D) curare
E) anticholinesterases

Back 5

acetylcholinesterase

Front 6

Bundles of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, and neuron cell bodies are called
A) columns.
B) nuclei.
C) white matter.
D) tracts.
E) gray matter.

Back 6

gray matter

Front 7

Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin?
A) The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and epidermis.
B) The dermis is usually thicker than the epidermis.
C) The epidermis is avascular.
D) The stratum basale forms the deepest layer of the epidermis.
E) The dermis contains smooth muscle and nerve tissue.

Back 7

the subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis.

Front 8

The cardiovascular center of the brain belongs to the
A) hypothalamus.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) diencephalon.
D) cerebellum.
E) cerebrum.

Back 8

medulla oblongata

Front 9

Freely moveable joints are called
A) symphysis.
B) amphiarthroses.
C) gomphosis.
D) synarthroses.
E) diarthroses.

Back 9

diarthroses

Front 10

Where are the melanocytes found?
A) stratum lucidum.
B) visceral layer.
C) stratum corneum.
D) parietal layer.
E) stratum basale.

Back 10

stratum basale

Front 11

The shoulder joint is an example of a
A) gliding joint.
B) hinge joint.
C) saddle joint.
D) ball-and-socket joint.
E) pivot joint.

Back 11

ball and socket joint

Front 12

DNA and RNA are composed of:
A) large polysaccharide chains
B) unsaturated fatty acids
C) small polypeptides of amino acids
D) phospholipids bilayers.
E) huge polymers of nucleotides

Back 12

huge polymers of nucleotides

Front 13

The pigment in the muscle fibers that stores oxygen is
A) glycogen.
B) hemoglobin.
C) melanin.
D) myoglobin.
E) keratin.

Back 13

hemoglobin

Front 14

The corpuscles of touch (Meissner's corpuscles) are found in the
A) basement membrane.
B) hypodermis.
C) epidermis.
D) dermis.
E) subcutaneous layer.

Back 14

dermis

Front 15

The portion of the brain which is continuous with the spinal cord is the
A) pons.
B) medulla.
C) cerebellum.
D) cerebrum.
E) midbrain.

Back 15

medulla

Front 16

The best anatomical term to describe the back region of the body would be
A) popliteal.
B) gluteal.
C) ventral.
D) dorsal.
E) vertebral.

Back 16

dorsal

Front 17

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is a
A) gyrus.
B) furrow.
C) indentation.
D) fissure.
E) sulcus.

Back 17

fissure

Front 18

All of the following are functions of the skin EXCEPT
A) temperature regulation.
B) sensation.
C) protection.
D) vitamin B synthesis.
E) excretion.

Back 18

vitamin B synthesis

Front 19

All of the following reflect homeostatic imbalances of the body manifested in the skin EXCEPT
A) cold sores.
B) rashes.
C) warts.
D) measles.
E) chicken pox.

Back 19

rashes

Front 20

The anatomical term for navel is
A) coxal.
B) femoral.
C) crural.
D) umbilical.
E) inguinal.

Back 20

umbilical

Front 21

The cardiovascular center is located in the
A) cerebrum.
B) diencephalon.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) insula.
E) hippocampus.

Back 21

medulla oblongata

Front 22

The building blocks of carbohydrates is/are
A) glycogen.
B) polysaccharides.
C) disaccharide.
D) starches.
E) monosaccharides.

Back 22

monosaccharides

Front 23

Protein synthesis occurs in structures attached to the
A) mitochondria.
B) lysosomes.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
E) Golgi complexes.

Back 23

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 24

The science dealing with the functions of the body parts is called
A) biology.
B) anatomy.
C) histology.
D) physiology.
E) cytology.

Back 24

physiology

Front 25

Muscle fatigue can be caused by
A) increased ADP.
B) insufficient oxygen.
C) depletion of creatine phosphate.
D) A and B.
E) All of the above.

Back 25

all of the above

Front 26

All of the following are classified as loose connective tissue EXCEPT
A) adipose tissue.
B) areolar connective tissue.
C) reticular connective tissue.
D) elastic connective tissue.
E) Both C and D.

Back 26

elastic connective tissue

Front 27

Which of the following is NOT a ventricle in an adult brain?
A) first ventricle
B) third ventricle
C) fourth ventricle
D) lateral ventricle
E) All of the above are ventricles in the adult brain.

Back 27

first ventricle

Front 28

The ___________ is the region between the lungs from the breastbone to the vertebra.
A) manubrium
B) mediastinum
C) vertebral canal
D) pericardium
E) pleural cavity

Back 28

mediastinum

Front 29

The anatomical term which best describes a structure toward the head is
A) anterior.
B) inferior.
C) superior.
D) superficial.
E) deep.

Back 29

superior

Front 30

The lateral movement of the arms away from the body is called
A) abduction.
B) pronation.
C) flexion.
D) elevation.
E) adduction.

Back 30

abduction

Front 31

The cell division which produces two identical cells is called
A) reproductive cell division.
B) somatic cell division.
C) cytokinesis.
D) meiosis I.
E) meiosis II.

Back 31

somatic cell division

Front 32

If someone suffered a stroke which interfered with their ability to speak, we would assume it affected the:
A) occipital lobe.
B) motor areas of the frontal lobe.
C) parietal lobe.
D) association area of the frontal lobe.
E) temporal lobe.

Back 32

motor areas of the frontal lobe

Front 33

Glands that are present in the external auditory meatus are
A) eccrine glands.
B) ceruminous glands.
C) sudoriferous glands.
D) apocrine glands.
E) sebaceous glands.

Back 33

ceruminous glands

Front 34

The pH of blood is
A) 7.65-8.00.
B) 4-5.
C) 6.76-7.00.
D) 7.20-7.60.
E) 7.35-7.45.

Back 34

7.35-7.45

Front 35

In humans, glycogen is stored in the cells of the
A) brain.
B) liver.
C) muscles.
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) Both B and C are correct.

Back 35

both b and c are correct

Front 36

The dura mater is composed of
A) adipose tissue.
B) dense irregular connective tissue.
C) smooth muscle.
D) loose connective tissue.
E) dense regular connective tissue.

Back 36

dense irregular connective tissue

Front 37

All of the following are considered a kind of contraction EXCEPT
A) isometric.
B) tetanus.
C) twitch.
D) isotonic.
E) All of the above are contractions.

Back 37

all of the above are contractions

Front 38

The meninges layer which is closest to the bone is called the:
A) subarachnoid space.
B) pia mater.
C) arachnoid mater.
D) paranoid mater.
E) dura mater.

Back 38

pia mater

Front 39

The anatomical term for shinbone is
A) humerus.
B) femur.
C) tibia.
D) ulna.
E) fibula.

Back 39

tibia

Front 40

The tissue lining body cavities is the
A) connective tissue.
B) nervous tissue.
C) epithelial tissue.
D) skeletal tissue.
E) muscle tissue.

Back 40

epithelial

Front 41

The main function of stratified squamous epithelium is
A) absorption.
B) distension.
C) protection.
D) secretion.
E) diffusion.

Back 41

protection

Front 42

The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is
A) polarization.
B) the resting period.
C) threshold.
D) superpolarization.
E) repolarization.

Back 42

repolarization

Front 43

The neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction is
A) adrenaline.
B) calcium.
C) acetylcholine.
D) glycine.
E) norepinephrine.

Back 43

acetylcholine

Front 44

The pericardial cavity contains the
A) heart.
B) stomach.
C) thyroid glands.
D) brain.
E) lungs.

Back 44

heart

Front 45

A CGT base triplet on DNA is copied into mRNA as
A) TGC.
B) ACU.
C) GCA.
D) CAT.
E) GCU.

Back 45

GCU

Front 46

Which of the following is true concerning fractures?
A) a complete fracture means the bone is broken into at least 2 pieces
B) a closed fracture means the bone broke into at least 2 pieces
C) a partial fracture means the bone did not break through the skin
D) an open fracture is an incomplete break
E) all of the above are true about fractures

Back 46

a complete fracture means the bone is broken into at least 2 pieces

Front 47

An inflammation of the joints is called
A) chondritis.
B) bursitis.
C) perichondritis.
D) tendonitis.
E) arthritis.

Back 47

arthritis

Front 48

All of the following belong to the ventral body cavity EXCEPT
A) pleural cavity.
B) pericardial cavity.
C) abdominal cavity.
D) cranial cavity.
E) thoracic cavity.

Back 48

thoracic cavity

Front 49

The neuroglia that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system are
A) microglia.
B) Schwann cells.
C) astrocytes.
D) pituicytes.
E) oligodendrocytes.

Back 49

Schwann cells

Front 50

A gluteal injection refers to an injection into the
A) trunk.
B) buttock.
C) upper limb.
D) lower limb.
E) ankle.

Back 50

buttock

Front 51

Goblet cells are found in which of the following tissues?
A) cuboidal epithelium
B) connective tissue
C) columnar epithelium
D) nervous tissue
E) none of the above

Back 51

columnar epithelium

Front 52

Which of the following tissues is avascular?
A) nervous tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) skeletal tissue
E) muscle tissue

Back 52

epithelial tissue

Front 53

Flexion is when a body part is moved:
A) away from the body
B) in all planes but rotation.
C) towards the body.
D) around an axis.
E) to decrease the angle between that part and another.

Back 53

to decrease the angle between that part and another

Front 54

Sometimes Na+ seeps into the resting neuron or K+ seeps out. This occurs through the____ channels.
A) leakage
B) English
C) voltage gate
D) voltage
E) active transport

Back 54

leakage

Front 55

The ability of nerve cells to respond to stimuli and to convert them into nerve impulses is called
A) electrical excitability.
B) threshold.
C) hyperpolarization.
D) contractility.
E) depolarization.

Back 55

depolarization

Front 56

The heaviest bone in the body is the
A) femur.
B) hipbone.
C) humerus.
D) tibia.
E) fibula.

Back 56

femur

Front 57

The lipid bilayer is permeable to all of the following substances EXCEPT
A) oxygen.
B) steroids.
C) amino acids.
D) water.
E) fat-soluble vitamins.

Back 57

amino acids

Front 58

Group of related organs that have a common function is called a(n)
A) group.
B) organ.
C) organism.
D) tissue.
E) system.

Back 58

organism

Front 59

Processes that receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body are
A) axon collaterals.
B) neurolemmocytes.
C) synaptic end bulbs.
D) axons.
E) dendrites.

Back 59

dendrites

Front 60

The redness of the skin that can occur during allergic reactions is
A) due to melanine.
B) caused by hemoglobin.
C) erythema.
D) due to carotene.
E) albinism.

Back 60

erythema

Front 61

Which of the following is NOT a covering of the nerves?
A) endoneurium.
B) all are coverings of nerves.
C) epineurium.
D) endomysium
E) perineurium.

Back 61

endoneurium

Front 62

Which of the following are considered the "powerhouses" of the cell?
A) peroxisomes
B) lysosomes
C) ribosomes
D) nucleoli
E) mitochondria

Back 62

ribosomes

Front 63

The thalamus is part of the
A) hypothalamus.
B) cerebrum.
C) brain stem.
D) diencephalon.
E) cerebellum.

Back 63

diencephalon

Front 64

The building blocks of proteins are
A) glycerol.
B) carbons.
C) nucleic acids.
D) fatty acids.
E) amino acids.

Back 64

amino acids

Front 65

Blood belongs to which major tissue type?
A) nervous tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) connective tissue
D) skeletal tissue
E) muscle tissue

Back 65

connective tissue

Front 66

The space between an axon terminal and the sarcolemma is the
A) motor unit.
B) synaptic vesicle.
C) motor end plate.
D) neuromuscular junction.
E) synaptic cleft.

Back 66

neuromuscular junction

Front 67

The cranial nerve that innervates the gastrointestional tract is the
A) abducens (VI).
B) None of the cranial nerves innervate the gastrointestinal tract.
C) accessory (XI).
D) vagus (X).
E) hypoglossal (XII).

Back 67

vagus (X)

Front 68

The protein that helps protect and water proof the skin and underlying cells is
A) melatonin.
B) actin.
C) carotene.
D) keratin.
E) melanin.

Back 68

keratin

Front 69

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution
A) gains water.
B) will not change shape.
C) shrinks.
D) loses water.
E) neither gains nor loses water.

Back 69

gains water

Front 70

The medulla oblongata passes through the
A) occipital condyles.
B) mental foramen.
C) carotid foramen.
D) foramen magnum.
E) foramen ovale.

Back 70

foramen magnum

Front 71

The body cavity containing the urinary bladder and portions of the large intestine is the
A) dorsal cavity.
B) pleural cavity.
C) abdominal cavity.
D) pelvic cavity.
E) mediastinum.

Back 71

pelvic cavity

Front 72

Neurolgia cells belong to which of the following tissues?
A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) osseous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) epithelial tissue

Back 72

nervous tissue

Front 73

Which is not part of the axial skeleton?
A) ribs.
B) cranial skull bones.
C) talus.
D) vertebrae.
E) facial skull bones.

Back 73

talus

Front 74

The bone that does not articulate with any other bone is the
A) ethmoid bone.
B) vomer bone.
C) zygomatic bone.
D) hyoid bone.
E) lacrimal bone.

Back 74

hyiod bone

Front 75

Cells of the skin that are active in the immune process are
A) adipocytes.
B) Merkel cells.
C) keratinocytes.
D) Langerhans cells.
E) melanocytes.

Back 75

Langerhans cells

Front 76

The human somatic cells contain ______ chromosomes.
A) 23
B) 24
C) 46
D) 54
E) 43

Back 76

23

Front 77

Osteogenic cells
A) deposit calcium into the bone.
B) surround themselves with matrix.
C) are mature bone cells.
D) develop into osteoblasts.
E) break down bone.

Back 77

develop into osteoblasts

Front 78

The shaft of a long bone is called the:
A) metaphysis.
B) endosteum.
C) periosteum.
D) diaphysis.
E) epiphysis.

Back 78

diaphysis

Front 79

The articulation between the root of the teeth and the alveoli is an example of a
A) diarthrosis.
B) suture.
C) synchondrosis.
D) gomphosis.
E) amphiarthrosis.

Back 79

gomphosis

Front 80

The suture between the parietal bones and the temporal bones is the
A) coronal suture.
B) sagittal suture.
C) parasaggittal suture.
D) squamous suture.
E) lamboid suture.

Back 80

squamous suture

Front 81

The plasma membrane consists of
A) entirely of phospholipids.
B) cellulose and carbohydrates.
C) phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
D) carbohydrates and lipids.
E) proteins mostly.

Back 81

phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

Front 82

The area of the brain that regulates posture and balance is the
A) brain stem.
B) thalamus.
C) limbic system.
D) cerebrum.
E) cerebellum.

Back 82

cerebellum

Front 83

Hinge joints are capable of
A) flexion and extension.
B) depression and elevation.
C) elevation and flexion.
D) adduction and abduction.
E) all of the above.

Back 83

flexion and extension

Front 84

Technically, the cheekbones are called
A) lacrimal bones.
B) vomer bones.
C) zygomatic bones.
D) frontal bones.
E) maxillae.

Back 84

zygomatic bones

Front 85

Which of the following is NOT a reason Calcium is important to our bodies?
A) the heart may stop if the level is too high
B) respiration may stop if the level is too low
C) osteoporosis may result if the level is too low
D) insulin can not form if the level is too high.
E) many enzymes need it as a cofactor

Back 85

insulin can not form if the level is too high

Front 86

In the anatomical position the subject
A) has arms folded on the chest.
B) is lying down.
C) is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward.
D) has arms placed above the head.
E) is standing upright facing the observer with the palms backwards.

Back 86

is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward

Front 87

Which of the following are classified as flat bones?
A) spongy bones
B) cranial bones
C) vertebrae
D) sesamoid bones
E) ankle bones

Back 87

cranial bones

Front 88

The bone of the upper arm is the
A) humerus.
B) femur.
C) ulna.
D) tibia.
E) radius.

Back 88

humerus

Front 89

The largest and strongest of the vertebrae in the spinal column are the
A) thoracic vertebrae.
B) coccygeal vertebrae.
C) cervical vertebrae.
D) lumbar vertebrae.
E) sacral vertebrae.

Back 89

lumbar vertebrae

Front 90

The epithelial tissue which contains cells of different shapes and is capable of distention is
A) stratified cuboidal epithelium.
B) squamous epithelium.
C) simple columnar epithelium.
D) pseudostratified epithelium.
E) transitional epithelium.

Back 90

transitional epithelium

Front 91

The sarcomere is the area between two
A) I bands.
B) H zones.
C) Z discs.
D) B lines.
E) A bands.

Back 91

Z discs

Front 92

The primary movement of a pivot joint is
A) hyperextension.
B) adduction.
C) circumduction.
D) rotation.
E) abduction.

Back 92

rotation

Front 93

Which of the following molecules contains the sugar ribose?
A) AMP
B) RNA
C) ADP
D) DNA
E) ATP

Back 93

RNA

Front 94

Which of the following has the poorest capacity for repair or renewal?
A) skeletal muscle
B) nervous tissue
C) bone
D) epithelium
E) cardiac muscle

Back 94

nervous tissue

Front 95

Saltatory conduction refers to the conduction of impulses in
A) unmyelinated fibers.
B) myelinated fibers.
C) all axons.
D) cardiac muscle.
E) skeletal muscle.

Back 95

myelinated fibers

Front 96

Intercalated discs are characteristic structures in
A) smooth muscle.
B) striated and smooth muscle.
C) cardiac muscle.
D) skeletal muscle.
E) any striated muscle.

Back 96

cardiac muscle

Front 97

Which of the following contain(s) a large amount of elastic connective tissue?
A) the periosteum
B) epidermis
C) wall of arteries
D) dermis
E) heart valves

Back 97

wall of arteries

Front 98

When two or more atoms combine, the resulting combination is called
A) atomic number.
B) molecule.
C) salt.
D) inert element.
E) atomic mass.

Back 98

molecule

Front 99

Which type of tissue is responsible for most secretions?
A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelium
D) nervous
E) none of the above

Back 99

epithelium

Front 100

Which of the following is the ion channel used to generate and conduct action potentials?
A) television channels.
B) leakage channels.
C) voltage-gated channels.
D) stoppage channels.
E) gated channels.

Back 100

voltage-gated channels

Front 101

Which of the following molecules contain the genetic information in a cell?
A) ADP
B) DNA
C) mRNA
D) RNA
E) ATP

Back 101

DNA

Front 102

Compared to unmyleninated axons, myelinated axons
A) produce larger action potentials.
B) conduct impulses slower.
C) produce longer lasting action potentials.
D) conduct impulses more often.
E) conduct impulses faster.

Back 102

conduct impulses faster

Front 103

Hyperextension represents
A) the movement of the distal end of a part of the body in a circle.
B) the movement of a part of the body forward.
C) an extension beyond the anatomical position.
D) movement of a protracted part of the body back to the anatomical position.
E) the movement of a bone away from the midline.

Back 103

an extension beyond the anatomical position

Front 104

Meiosis is the nuclear division used during the formation of
A) cancer cells.
B) red blood cells.
C) sperm cells.
D) skin cells.
E) All of the above are correct.

Back 104

sperm cells

Front 105

The sternum is ___________ to the heart.
A) inferior
B) lateral
C) distal
D) posterior
E) anterior

Back 105

anterior

Front 106

The ring finger is _______________to the little and middle fingers
A) proximal
B) lateral
C) intermediate
D) deep
E) distal

Back 106

intermediate

Front 107

All of the following cells can be found in connective tissue EXCEPT
A) mast cells.
B) plasma cells.
C) fibroblasts.
D) glial cells.
E) macrophages.

Back 107

glial cells

Front 108

Slightly movable joints are called
A) amphiarthorses.
B) synarthrosis.
C) sutures.
D) diarthroses.
E) synovial joints.

Back 108

amphiarthroses

Front 109

The outermost of the meninges is the
A) Arachnoid mater
B) subdural layer.
C) pia mater.
D) dura mater.
E) Subarachnoid space.

Back 109

dura mater

Front 110

The primary function of hair is
A) movement.
B) temperature regulation.
C) sensory perception.
D) protection.
E) to increase surface area.

Back 110

protection

Front 111

The skin belongs to the
A) sensory system.
B) muscular system.
C) skeletal system.
D) circulatory system.
E) integumentary system.

Back 111

intugumentary system

Front 112

The basic structural and functional units of an organism are
A) cells.
B) atoms.
C) organs.
D) molecules.
E) tissues.

Back 112

organs

Front 113

Which of the following is a cranial bone?
A) lacrimal bone
B) sphenoid bone
C) vomer bone
D) palatine bone
E) zygomatic bone

Back 113

sphenoid bone