Anatomy---Female Reproductive System

Front 1

ovaries

Back 1

female gonads, homologous to testes

Front 2

oophorectomy

Back 2

removal of ovaries

Front 3

ovarian anchors

Back 3

ovarian ligament to uterus, suspensory ligament to pelvic wall, mesoovarium to broad ligament of uterus

Front 4

ovarian parts

Back 4

germinal epithelium on surface, tunica alubuginea, stroma, follicles

Front 5

ovarian stroma

Back 5

cortex with ovarian follicles

Front 6

ovarian medulla

Back 6

inner loose region of ovary

Front 7

ovarian follicles

Back 7

exist as primary and secondary and teritary and corpus luteum

Front 8

tertiary ovarian follicle

Back 8

Graafian or vesicular or mature follicle

Front 9

oogonia

Back 9

mitotically dividing cells, disappear before birth in the process if giving rise to about 2 million eggs

Front 10

primary oocytes

Back 10

present in infant females, remain dormant until puberty, decrease in number to 400,000, at puberty 20 mature/month in a given ovary

Front 11

secondary oocytes

Back 11

located in Graafian follicle, produced just before ovulation by a meiotic division of primary oocyte into secondary oocyte and the first polar body

Front 12

ovulation

Back 12

process of releasing an egg from the ovary into the uterus

Front 13

ovum

Back 13

secondary oocyte with zona pellucida and corona radiata, degenerates, if not fertilized, in Fallopian tube

Front 14

ootid

Back 14

second polar body, fro a fertilized ovum, occurence of second meiotic division

Front 15

zygote

Back 15

union of ootid and mature spermatid, unicellular embryo

Front 16

corpus luteum

Back 16

formed after ovulation from remaining cells of Graafian follicle, two possible outcomes

Front 17

corpus luteum possibility I

Back 17

produces progesterone and then degenerates after 12-16 days (with out conception) and becomes the small fibrous corpus albicans

Front 18

corpus luteum possibility II

Back 18

produces progesterone for 3-4 months (with conception) to keep mother from menstruating. Placenta then takes over hormone production

Front 19

uterine tubes

Back 19

Fallopian tubes or oviducts

Front 20

meso salpinx

Back 20

anatomical aspect of fallopian tubes

Front 21

function of oviducts

Back 21

transportation of of ova from ovaries to uterus

Front 22

parts of oviducts

Back 22

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

Front 23

infunidbulum

Back 23

funnel shaped open end of each tube, close to ovary and attached by the fimbria ovaric with ostium surrounded by fimbriae

Front 24

fimbriae

Back 24

sweep ovum and follicular fluid into ostium

Front 25

oviduct ciliary action

Back 25

cilia on ridges move ovum towards uterus, cilia in grooves help sperm move from uterus toward ovum and beyond

Front 26

smooth muscle function in oviducts

Back 26

peristaltic contractions move ovum or zygote

Front 27

smooth muscles of oviduct

Back 27

outer longitudinal muscle and inner circular muscle

Front 28

fertilization

Back 28

up to 24 hours after ovulation, usually happens in upper 1/3 ampulla of uterine tube

Front 29

ectopic pregnancy

Back 29

pregnancy develops in site other than uterus

Front 30

pelvic pregnancy

Back 30

ovum fertilized while free in body cavity, zygote develops travels to liver and tries to implant

Front 31

tubular implantation

Back 31

early embryo fails to descend to uterus normally done in 5-7 days

Front 32

uterus

Back 32

site of menstruation, implantation of blastocyst, development of embryo and fetus, labor

Front 33

morphology of uterus

Back 33

pear shaped, fundus, body, cervix, fornix

Front 34

uterine fundus

Back 34

dome shaped portion of uterus

Front 35

uterine corpus

Back 35

body of the uterus, major, tapering and central portion

Front 36

cervix

Back 36

inferior, narrow portion of uterus, internal os, canal, external os

Front 37

cerivical canal

Back 37

canal that contains crypts whcih secrete cervical mucus---sperm can hide here.

Front 38

fornix

Back 38

recess or indentation around the cervix, along with external os, site of PAP smear

Front 39

uterovaginal junction

Back 39

two organs join at right angles

Front 40

endometrium

Back 40

inner layer of uterus, strati functionalis and basalis

Front 41

functional zone

Back 41

stratum functionalis, shed during menstruation

Front 42

basilar zone

Back 42

stratum basalis, permanent and produces new functionalis following menstruation

Front 43

menarche

Back 43

beginning of menstruation

Front 44

menopause

Back 44

cessation of menstruation

Front 45

hysterectomy

Back 45

removal of uterus

Front 46

uterine anchors

Back 46

parietal peritoneum to pelvic walls via broad ligaments, round and ovarian ligament form gubernaculum, cervical ligaments

Front 47

vagina

Back 47

female copulatory organ, receptacle for penis, lower portion of birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow

Front 48

morphology of vagina

Back 48

4 inches in length, rugae and can distend

Front 49

parturition

Back 49

birth

Front 50

coitus

Back 50

sexual intercourse

Front 51

hymen

Back 51

membrane over introitus, usually perforate can be imperforate

Front 52

introitus

Back 52

vaginal opening

Front 53

vaginal mucosal lining

Back 53

contains glycogen, accumulates in cells of vaginal epithelium, metabolized into lactic acid by bacteria, bacteria promote low pH environment

Front 54

vaginal buffers

Back 54

cervical and seminal fluids acts as buffers against acidic vaginal conditions that harm sperm

Front 55

vulva

Back 55

pudendum or external genitalia

Front 56

mons veneris

Back 56

mons pubis, adipose tissue covered with pubic hair, shock absorber

Front 57

prepuce

Back 57

located where labia minora join anteriorly, fold of skin superior to clitoris, sometimes cut to expose clitoris

Front 58

labia minora with medial area called vestibule

Back 58

hairless, homologous to ventral parts of penis, fuse posteriorly to form fourchette

Front 59

episiotomy

Back 59

incision made in this region during parturition

Front 60

labia majora

Back 60

female homologue of scrotum

Front 61

paraurethral glands

Back 61

lesser vestibular or Skene's glands, on each side of urethral orifice, secretes fluid similar to that of prostate in male, homologous to prostate, G-Spot

Front 62

greater vestibular glands

Back 62

Bartholin's Glands, orifice at lower margin of vaginal opening, secrete a lubricant, homologues of Cowper's glands

Front 63

clitoris

Back 63

1" long, 1/2" in diameter, shaft w/ corpora cavernosa and large crura allow enlargement, female counterpart to penis, no urethra

Front 64

glans clitoris

Back 64

along with vestibular bulb, attached by threads of erectile tissue homologous to corpus spongiosum in male

Front 65

bulbospongiosus

Back 65

muscle in vagina that is circular

Front 66

ischocavernous

Back 66

muscle in vagina that is longitudinal

Front 67

orgasm stages

Back 67

normal-excitement-plateau-orgasmic-resolution

Front 68

female orgasmic phase

Back 68

tenting effect of uterus most pronounced, fornix is flattened, uterine contractions, orgasmic platform, clitoral contractions, complete vaginal lengthening

Front 69

breast structure

Back 69

developed in females not in males, usually two along mammalian milklines

Front 70

lactiferous glands

Back 70

glands, 15-20 in groups(lobes) that secrete milk, each lobe has a lactiferus duct, sinus(ampulla), and open to surface of nipple

Front 71

cause of breast size

Back 71

amount of adipose tissue(pectoral fat pad), age, pregnancy(steroids from corpus luteum cause changes), ovarian problems

Front 72

Cooper's ligament

Back 72

suspensory ligament of the breat, maintains shape

Front 73

breast involvement in sexual response

Back 73

changes are due to vasocongestion and smooth muscle contraction

Front 74

nipple

Back 74

has muscular network, erection reflex due to cold, touch, or sexual arousal

Front 75

areola

Back 75

pigmented area around nipple with glands whose secretions protect nipple during breast feeding

Front 76

Demodex folliculorum

Back 76

mite responsible for Demodectic mange