Anatomy Exercise 7 Integumentary System

Front 1

Integumentary organ system

Back 1

Consists of the skin and accessory organs

Front 2

Functions of the integumentary system

Back 2

- Insulates and cushions the underlying body tissue
- Protects from abrasion
- Protects from exposure to harmful chemicals, temperature extremes, and bacterial invasion
- Prevents water loss
- Temperature regulation
- Excretory system
- Vitamin D synthesis
- Sense organs for touch, pressure, pain and temperature

Front 3

Superficial epidermis (Stratified squamous epithelial tissue)

Dermis (Underlying dense irregular connective tissue)

Back 3

Two distinct regions of skin

Front 4

Friction may cause the superficial epidermis and dermis to separate

Back 4

What causes a blister?

Front 5

Hypodermis / Superficial fascia

Back 5

- Lies immediately deep to the dermis

- Not considered skin

- Consists of mainly adipose tissue

Front 6

Epidermis

Back 6

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of 4 distinct cell types and 4 or 5 distinct layers.

Front 7

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

Dendritic cells

Tactile (Merkel) cells

Back 7

Cells of the epidermis

Front 8

Keratinocytes

Back 8

Most abundant epidermal cells, main function is to produce keratin fibril - a fibrous protein that gives epidermis its durability and protective capabilities. Tightly connects to each other by desmosomes.

Front 9

Melanocytes

Back 9

Spidery black cells that produce brown to black pigment called melanin. Provides protective pigment umbrella over nuclei of cells, shielding their genetic material from UV.

Front 10

Dendritic cells

Back 10

Also called Langerhans cells, cells play a role in immunity by performing phagocytosis

Front 11

Tactile (Merkel) cells

Back 11

Occasionally spiky hemispheres that in combination with sensory nerve endings, form sensitive touch receptors located at the epidermal-dermal junction

Front 12

Stratum Corneum

Stratum Lucidum (May or may not exist- depends whether it is "Thick skin" like the palms, soles)

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

CLGSB

Back 12

From superficial to deep, the four-five layers of the epidermis

Front 13

Papillary

Reticular

Back 13

Two regions of the dermis

Front 14

Papillary Layer of the dermis

Back 14

Superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue. Uneven and has fingerlike projections from its superior surface called the dermal papillar, which attach it to the epidermis above.

Ex: Produce fingerprints, unique patterns of epidermal ridges

Front 15

Reticular Layer of the dermis

Back 15

Deepest skin layer. Composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains arteries, veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, pressure receptors

Front 16

Collagen and elastic Fibers

Adipose, fibroblasts, macrophages

Lymphatic vessels

Nerve fibers

Back 16

Components of the dermis (Fibers and Scattered Cells)

Front 17

Skin Color

Back 17

Result of the relative amount of melanin in skin, relative amount of carotene in skin and the degree of oxygenation of blood.

Front 18

Carotene

Back 18

Yellow orange pigment present primarily in stratum corneum and adipose tissue of hypodermis.

Front 19

Cyanosis

Back 19

When blood is inadequately oxygenated as during asphyxiation and serious lung disease, blood and skin become bluish

Front 20

Jaundice

Back 20

When tissues become yellowed, almost always diagnostic for liver disease, hints that a person's adrenal cortex is hypoactive (Addison's disease)

Front 21

Cutaneous glands, hair and nails

Back 21

Accessory Organs of the Skin

Front 22

Nails

Back 22

Hornlike derivatives of the epidermis

Front 23

Hair shaft: Region projecting from the surface of the skin

Hair root: Which is beneath the surface of skin and is embedded within the hair follicle

Back 23

Two regions of hair

Front 24

Hair bulb

Back 24

Collection of well nourished epithelial cells at the base of the hair follicle

Front 25

Medulla in center

Cortex that surrounds medulla

Cuticle that protects

Back 25

3 Layers of keratinized cells of the hair shaft and hair root

Front 26

Hair follicle

Back 26

Structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells. Its inner epithelial root hseath, with internal and external parts, is enclosed by thickened basement membrane, and by a peripheral connective tissue. Below is the hair papilla and hair matrix forming a small nipple of dermal tissue.

Front 27

Arrector pili muscle

Back 27

Small bands of smooth muscle cells connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis

ex: Responds to temperature

Front 28

Sebaceous glands

Sweat glands

Back 28

Cutaneous glands primary two categories

Front 29

Sebaceous (oil) glands

Back 29

Found nearly all over the skin except for palms and soles. The produce of these glands is sebum, a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep skin soft and moist and keeps hair from becoming brittle

Front 30

Sweat (Sudoriferous) glands

Back 30

Exocrine glands that widely distributed all over the skin

Front 31

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

Apocrine sweat glands

Back 31

Categories by composition of sweat gland secretions

Front 32

Eccrine sweat glands

Back 32

Also called merocrine

Important heat regulating apparatus

Produce clear perspiration

Front 33

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Back 33

Found mostly in axillary and genital areas

Secrete basic components of eccrine sweat plus proteins and fat rich substances

Front 34

Lamellar Corpuscle

Back 34

Identify 11

Front 35

Cutaneous plexus

Back 35

Identify 14

Front 36

Hair follicle

Back 36

Identify 18