Anatomy Exercise 2 Organ Systems Overview

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Basic unit or building block of all living things

Front 2

Epithelial

Muscular

Nervous

Connective

Back 2

4 Types of Tissue

Front 3

Tissue

Back 3

Group of cells that are similar in structure and function

Front 4

Organ

Back 4

Structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function in the body

Front 5

Organ System

Back 5

Group of organs that act together to perform a particular body function

Front 6

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

Lymphatic

Reproductive

Endocrine

Skeletal

Muscular

Urinary

Digestive

Integumentary

Nervous

Back 6

11 Organ Systems

Front 7

Integumentary Organ System (Skin) Major component Organs

Back 7

Epidermal and dermal regions; cutaneous sense organs and glands

Front 8

Integumentary System Function

Back 8

- Protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical and bacterial injury, and from drying out

- Excretes salts and urea

- Aids in regulation of body temperature

- Produces Vitamin D

Front 9

Skeletal System Major component Organs

Back 9

Bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, joints

Front 10

Skeletal System Functions

Back 10

- Body support and protection of internal organs

- Provides levers for muscular action

- Cavities provide a site for blood cell formation

Front 11

Muscular SystemMajor component Organs

Back 11

Muscles attached to the skeleton

Front 12

Muscular System functions

Back 12

- Primary function is to contract or shorten; in doing so, skeletal muscles allow locomotion, grasping and manipulation of the environment and facial expression

- Generates heat

Front 13

Nervous systemMajor component Organs

Back 13

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors

Front 14

Nervous System functions

Back 14

- Allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands

- Helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals

Front 15

Endocrine System Major component Organs

Back 15

Pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes and pancreas

Front 16

Endocrine System function

Back 16

- Helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produces chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the blood to exert their effects on various target organs of the body

Front 17

Cardiovascular System Major component Organs

Back 17

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Front 18

Cardiovascular system functions

Back 18

- Primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart

- Antibodies and other protein molecules in the blood protect the body

Front 19

Lymphatic/Immunity SystemMajor component Organs

Back 19

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils and scattered collections of lymphoid tissue

Front 20

Lymphatic System functions

Back 20

- Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood

- Cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris

- Houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances

Front 21

Respiratory SystemMajor component Organs

Back 21

Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Front 22

Respiratory system functions

Back 22

- Keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide

- Contributes to the acid base balance of the blood via its carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system

Front 23

Digestive SystemMajor component Organs

Back 23

Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory structures including teeth, salivary glands, liver and pancreas

Front 24

Digestive System Functions

Back 24

- Breaks down ingested foods to smaller particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells

- Undigested residue removed from the body as feces

Front 25

Urinary SystemMajor component Organs

Back 25

Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Front 26

Urinary System Functions

Back 26

- Rids the body of nitrogen containing wastes including urea, uric acid and ammonia, which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids

- Maintains water, electrolytes and acid base balance of blood

Front 27

Reproductive SystemMajor component Organs

Back 27

Male: testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis and duct system, which carries sperm to the body exterior

Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, vagina

Front 28

Reproductive System Functions

Back 28

- Provides germ cells called sperm for perpetuation of the species

- Provides germ cells called eggs; the female uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant