Anatomy Exam 4: Thoracic Wall

Front 1

The thorax consists of the thoracic cavity and surrounding ____________.

Back 1

thoracic wall

thorax = area btwn neck and abdomen

Front 2

The thoracic inlet and outlet allow for communication btwn the thorax and neck or abdomen, differentiate btwn the two

Back 2

inlet = btwn thorax and neck structures

outlet = btwn thoraz and abdominal structures (mostly closed by diaphram)

Front 3

Because of it's subcutaneous location, the _______ is a common site for bone marrow biopsy.

Back 3

sternum

Front 4

what are the 2 other names for the sternal angle (btwn the manubrium and body)?

Back 4

angle of lous
manubriosternal joint

Front 5

An axial slice through the sternal angle anteriorly and the T4/5 intervertebral disc posteriorly would cut through the following structures:

Back 5

pericardium
pulmonary trunk
arch of the aorta
trachea (bifurcating)
R & L main bronchi
articulation btwn sternum & rib 2

Front 6

An axial slice through the xiphoid process would cross through what 3 structures?

Back 6

1. superior border of liver
2. inferior border of heart
3. central tendon of the diaphram

Front 7

The head of a typical rib is wedge-shaped and has 2 facets separated by what?

Back 7

the crest of the head

Front 8

The shaft of the rib has a COSTAL GROOVE on the inferior margin of its internal surface. What lies in this groove?

Back 8

intercostal vein & artery (protected by bone)

(intercostal nerve NOT protected by bone)

Front 9

Ribs ______ are TRUE ribs. Their costal cartilages articulate w/ the sternum directly
Ribs ____ are FALSE ribs. They attach indirectly to sternum via costal cartalige 7
Ribs ____ are FLOATING ribs. Do not connect to sternum

Back 9

1-7= TRUE ribs

8-10= FALSE ribs

11&12= FLOATING ribs

Front 10

Atypical Ribs, differentiate btwn the following:
Rib 1
Rib 2
Rib 10-12
Rib 11 & 12

Back 10

Rib 1: broadest & shortest, only one facet, scalene tubercule
Rib 2: tubercle for serratus anterior
Ribs 10-12: have only one facet
Ribs 11&12: short w/ no neck or tubercle

Front 11

Cervical ribs are present in 1% of pop., if present they may compress the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus or the subclavian artery or vein leading to.............

Back 11

thoracic outlet syndrome

Front 12

A typical thoracic vertebra has 2 ____ on each side of the vertebral body for articulation w/ heads of ribs, and ___________ on the transverse processes for articulations w/ tubercles of ribs.

Back 12

demifacets

transverse costal facets

Front 13

Differentiate btwn the following atypical thoracic vertebrae
T1
T10-12
T11&12

Back 13

T1- complete superior costal facet INSTEAD of demifacet *head of rib 1 does NOT articulate w. C7

T10-12- single complete costal facet for articulation w/ same numbered rib

T11&12- lack transverse costal facets on their transverse processes, ribs do NOT articulate w/ these transverse processes

Front 14

Differentiate btwn the different types of joints:
costochondral-
sternocostal-
costotransverse-
costovertebral-
interchondral

Back 14

costoCHONDRAL- btwn bodies of ribs & their COSTAL CARTILAGES (fibrocartilaginous)

STERNocostal- btwn the costal cartilages of the the 7 true ribs & STERNUM (1 is fibrocartilaginous, rest are synovial)

costoTRANSVERSE- btwn tubercle of rib & TRANSVERSE PROCESS of same numbered vertebra (synovial)

costovertebral- joint head of rib, btwn head of typical rib, superior demifacet of same rib, and inferior demifacet of rib above (synovial)

INTERchondral- costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 articulate WITH cartilage above (synovial

Front 15

The sternocostal joint of rib 1 is known as the __________
(fibrocartilaginous joint)

Back 15

synchondrosis of the first rib

Front 16

the costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 articulate w/ the cartilages above at synovial joints known as what?

Back 16

interchondral joints

Front 17

Costochondritisis, inflammation of costochondral or sternocostal joints may sometimes be mistaken for what?

Back 17

MI/heart attack

Front 18

Intercostal spaces contain 3 layers of intercostal layers and intercostal nerves and blood vessels and are numbered according to the (superior/inferior) rib

Back 18

superior rib

Front 19

Differentiate btwn;
External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles

Back 19

External intercostal muscles- fibers FORWARD and down, run from costochondral junction to sternum where muscles end anteriorly and external intercostal membrane begins

Internal intercostal muscles- fibers BACKWARD and down, end posterior & medial to angles of ribs and internal intercostal membrane begins

Innermost intercostal muscles- similar to internal but further inward

Front 20

All intercostal muscles are innervated by the correlating intercostal nerve EXCEPT _____

Back 20

T12, innervated by subcostal nerve

Front 21

_____ muscles run between sternum and costal cartilage
_____ muscles run between every other rib

Both of these muscles are innervated by _______nerves

Back 21

transversus thoracis

subcostal

intercostal nerves

Front 22

The intercostal spaces contain posterior intercostal veins and arteries and intercostal nerves, how are these arranged?

Which of these is not protected by the costal groove?

They lie btwn which 2 muscles?

Back 22

VAN
vein--> artery-->nerve
(top--> bottom)

intercostal nerve not protected by costal groove

btwn internal & innermost intercostal muscles

Front 23

The posterior intercostal artery comes from where?

The anterior intercostal artery comes from where?
(also w/i intercostal space)

Back 23

posterior intercostal artery is from thoracic aorta

anterior intercostal artery is from internal thoracic artery

Front 24

the intercostal nerve is the (anterior/posterior) ramus of the thoracic spinal nerve, & it gives off lateral & anterior cutaneous branches.

Back 24

anterior ramus

Front 25

The following dermatomes are from what nerves?
Umbilicus
Nipple
Top of Shoulder
Down middle of arm

Back 25

Umbilicus- T10
Nipple- T5
Top of Shoulder- C4
Down middle of arm- T1

Front 26

What nerve may be involved in a shingles infection with a breakout in the dermatome supplied?

Back 26

an intercostal nerve

Front 27

The posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries originate from the ____________

Back 27

thoracic arota

Front 28

The internal thoracic and supreme intercostal arteries originate from the ___________

Back 28

subclavian artery

Front 29

The superior and lateral thoracic arteries originate from the ____________

Back 29

axillary artery

Front 30

The posterior intercostal arteries of intercostal spaces 1 & 2 arise from the ____________________, a branch of the costocervical trunk

Back 30

supreme (superior) intercostal artery

Front 31

The posterior intercostal arteries of intercostal spaces 3-11 (and the subcostal arteries) arise posteriorly from the ________________

Back 31

thoracic aorta

Front 32

The posterior intercostal arteries give rise to branches that accompany the posterior rami of the spinal nerves and the _______________ branches of the intercostal nerves

Back 32

lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

Front 33

The internal thoracic arteries arise in the root of the neck and descend on the ____ surface of the thorax lateral to the sternum & posterior to the clavicle & upper 6 costal cartilages, terminate in the 6th intercostal space where they become what?

Back 33

internal surface


divide into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries

*internal thoracic from subclavian

Front 34

The anterior intercostal arteries of intercostal spaces 1-6 arise from what?
7-9?

Back 34

anterior intercostal arteries 1-6 from internal thoracic

" " 7-9 from musculophrenic arteries

*spaces 10-11 do NOT have intercostal arteries

Front 35

The anterior and posterior intercostal arteries have _______ and ______ branches that anastomose w/ each other.

Back 35

terminal and collateral branches

Front 36

T/F
The posterior and anterior intercostal veins anastomose with one another

Back 36

TRUE

Front 37

Most posterior intercostal veins drain into ______________
while the anterior drain into the ___________________

Back 37

posterior drain into azygos system of veins

anterior drain into internal thoracic veins

Front 38

The intercostal veins accompany intercostal arteries and nerves and lie the most (superior/inferior) in the costal grooves

Back 38

most superior