Anatomy Exam 4: Brain

Front 1

what does the future brain develop from

Back 1

the cranial end of the neural tube

Front 2

brains of neural tube from top to bottom

Back 2

1. Ed brain

2. Inter Brain

3. Mid brain

4. After Brain

5. Cord Brain

Front 3

3 flexures of the brain at 5 weeks

Back 3

1. mesencephalic

2. Pontine

3. Cervical

Front 4

4 areas of the brain

Back 4

Limbic system, cerebrum, Brain Stem, Cerebellum

Front 5

what is the brain stem

Back 5

Reptilian brain

Front 6

what does the brain stem do

Back 6

basic life support

Front 7

what is the cerebellum

Back 7

little brain

Front 8

what does the cerebellum do

Back 8

unconscious movements

Front 9

what is the limbic system

Back 9

limbic system

Front 10

what does the limbic system do

Back 10

basic survival instincts

Front 11

what is the cerebrum

Back 11

human brain

Front 12

what does the cerebrum do

Back 12

thinking, memory, language

Front 13

what does the cerebellum maintain

Back 13

equilibrium/ posture

Front 14

what does cerebellum regulate

Back 14

muscle tone

Front 15

what does cerebellum coordinate

Back 15

muscle movement

Front 16

two parts of the cerebrum

Back 16

diencephalon and telencephalon

Front 17

parts of the diencephalon

Back 17

hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus

Front 18

what does the habencular nuclei receive inputs from

Back 18

olfactory system

Front 19

where does the habenular nuclei relay inputs to to link visceral reactions

Back 19

limbic system

Front 20

what does the pineal gland do

Back 20

synthesizes melatonin from serotonin

Front 21

a collection of motor and sensory relay nuclei

Back 21

thalamus

Front 22

Thalamic nuclei to remember

Back 22

VPL, VPM, LGN, MGN

Front 23

VPL: ventral posterior lateral

Back 23

general sensation from the body

Front 24

VPM: ventral posterior medial

Back 24

general sensation from the head

Front 25

LGN: lateral geniculate

Back 25

Vision

Front 26

MGN: medial geniculate

Back 26

hearing

Front 27

control of the menstrual cycle in females and spermatogenesis in males

Back 27

GnRH

Front 28

where is GnRH

Back 28

preoptic area

Front 29

what is the supraoptic area known as

Back 29

biological clock: parasympathetic responses

Front 30

what is the tubal area involved in

Back 30

emotional behavior, feeding center, satiety center

Front 31

integrates information from limbic system

Back 31

mammillary body

Front 32

posterior hypothalamic area

Back 32

sympathetic responses

Front 33

3 types of fibers in the cerebral white matter

Back 33

1. Projection

2. Commissural

3. Association

Front 34

involved in regulation of information flow to the frontal cortex: control of voluntary actions, memory, and learning

Back 34

cuadate nucleus

Front 35

unregulated activity of the globus pallidus leads to lack of normal movements, muscle rigidity and tremor

Back 35

parkinson's disease

Front 36

deep cerebral nuclei

Back 36

amygdala

cuadate

putamen

globus pallidus

corpus striatum

lentiform

Front 37

A genetic condition leading to degeneration of the corpus striatum and cerebral cortex. Causes spontaneous, uncontrolled movements and eventually dementia

Back 37

Huntington's disease

Front 38

the emotional brain

Back 38

limbic system

Front 39

run between the brainstem and cerebral cortex

Back 39

Projection fibers

Front 40

run from one hemisphere to the other

Back 40

commissural fibers

Front 41

run in the same hemisphere

Back 41

association fibers

Front 42

what are the limbic system functions

Back 42

olfaction and basic emotional drive

Front 43

what is olfaction

Back 43

recent memory

Front 44

what is basic emotional drive

Back 44

the four f's:

fighting

feeding

fleeing

fornication

Front 45

provides an emotional response to environmental stimuli. Responsible for sexual attraction

Back 45

Amygdala

Front 46

frontal lobe: primary somatomotor cortex (precentral gyrus):

Back 46

fine precise motor movements

Front 47

frontal love functions: broca's area

Back 47

motor speech (left hemisphere)

Front 48

frontal lobe functions: prefrontal cortex

Back 48

intelligence, personality, judgement, foresi

Front 49

Parietal lobe functions: primary somatosensory cortex

Back 49

general sensations/ precise localization

Front 50

Parietal lobe functions: primary gustatory area

Back 50

taste interpretation

Front 51

parietal lobe functions: wernicke's area

Back 51

speech interpretation

Front 52

Temporal lobe: primary auditory cortex has

Back 52

superior temporal gyrus

Front 53

temporal lobe: auditory association cortex

Back 53

sound interpretation, speech interpretation

Front 54

occipital lobe: primary visual cortex

Back 54

interpretation of shape, color, movement

Front 55

occipital lobe: visual association cortex

Back 55

relates present to past visual experiences

Front 56

impaired ability to perform purposeful acts

Back 56

apraxia

Front 57

impaired ability to use language

Back 57

aphasia

Front 58

impaired ability to recognize objects

Back 58

agnosia

Front 59

what nerves does he peripheral nervous system consist of

Back 59

cranial nerves

Front 60

Sensory Afferent

Back 60

GSA, GVA, SSA,SVA

Front 61

motor efferent

Back 61

GSE, GVE, SVE, SSE

Front 62

fracture of ethmoid bone or lesions of olfactory fibers may result in partial of total loss of smell,

Back 62

Anosmia

Front 63

what does C1 do

Back 63

transmits information from neurons in the olfactory mucosa

Front 64

what type of nerve is C1

Back 64

Special sensory

Front 65

what type of nerve is C2

Back 65

Special sensory

Front 66

what does C2 do

Back 66

transmits visual information from photoreceptors in the retina

Front 67

what is the most common cuase of optice nerve damage

Back 67

glaucoma

Front 68

what is glaucoma

Back 68

increased intraocular pressure leads to death of the retinal ganglion cells

Front 69

what does damage to the optic nerve result in

Back 69

blindness in the eye

Front 70

what is bitemporal hemianopsia (tunnel vision) due to

Back 70

damage of the optic chiasma

Front 71

Extraocular muscles

Back 71

4 rectus and 2 obliques

Front 72

what type of nerve is C3

Back 72

somatic motor and visceral motor

Front 73

oculomotor nerve paralysis

Back 73

nerve 3 paralyzed: at rest, this eyes cannot be upward or inward and at rest the eye with tun in laterally

Front 74

what type of nerve is nerve 4

Back 74

somatic motor

Front 75

what is the action of C4

Back 75

motor to superior oblique m

Front 76

outward rotation of the eye due to unopposed action of the inferior oblique muscles, double vision, head tilted, weakness of downward gast,

Back 76

Trochlear nerve damage

Front 77

whtat type of nerve is CN6

Back 77

somatic motor

Front 78

action of CN6

Back 78

motor to the lateral rectus

Front 79

what type of nerve is C6

Back 79

somatic sensory

Front 80

what does C5 do

Back 80

transmits sensory information from the Head dermatomes (V1, V2, V3) mucous membrane, meninges, cornea, tongue, and teeth

Front 81

inflammation of the trigeminal nerve that produces the most excruciating pain

Back 81

Tic Douloureux

Front 82

C7: somatic sensory

Back 82

very limited: transmits cutaneous sensation from the skin behind the ear

Front 83

C7: special sensory

Back 83

transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the palate

Front 84

C7: branchiomotor

Back 84

motor to the muscles of facial expression, the stapedius and the posterior belly of the digastric

Front 85

C7: visceral motor

Back 85

parasympathetic to the lacrimal gland and 2 salivary glands

Front 86

motor branches to muscles of facial expression and scalp muscles

Back 86

C7

Front 87

paralysis of facial muscles on affected side and partial loss of taste sensation, caused by herpes (inflamation and swelling of facial nerve)

Back 87

Bell's palsy

Front 88

what type of nerve is C8

Back 88

special sensory

Front 89

C8: vestibular division

Back 89

transmits vestibular information from the maculae and cristae of the inner ear

Front 90

C8: cochlear division

Back 90

transmits auditory information for the organ of corti

Front 91

lesions of cochlear nerve or cochlear receptors: central or nerve deafness

Back 91

vestibulochochlear nerve damage

Front 92

damage to vestibular division produces_______

Back 92

dizziness, rapid involuntary eye movements, loss of balance, nauseas and vomiting

Front 93

CN 9: somatic sensory

Back 93

transmits sensory information from the skin of the ear and the ear drum

Front 94

CN 9: visceral sensory

Back 94

transmits information from the baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic sinuses and carotid and aortic bodies

Front 95

C9: special sensory

Back 95

transmits taste sensations from taste buds on on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Front 96

CN 9: branchiomotor

Back 96

motor to 1 pharyngeal muscle

Front 97

CN 9: visceral motor

Back 97

parasympathetic to the parotid gland

Front 98

injury or inflammation of glossopharyngeal nerves impairs swallowing and taste on the posterior third of the tongue

Back 98

Glossopharyngeal nerve damage

Front 99

CN 10: somatic sensory

Back 99

transmits sensation from the external ear canal and ear drum

Front 100

CN 10: visceral sensory

Back 100

transmits general sensations from the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera

Front 101

C10: special sensory

Back 101

transmits taste sensations from the epiglottis

Front 102

C 10: branchiomotor

Back 102

motor to the muscles of the pharynx and muscles of the larynx

Front 103

CN 10: visceral motor

Back 103

parasympathetic cardiac muscle and to the smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic and abdominal viscera

Front 104

hoarseness or loss of voice, difficulty swallowing and impaired digestion

Back 104

vagus nerve damage

Front 105

C 11 nerve type

Back 105

branchio motor

Front 106

what is the action of CN 11: cranial root

Back 106

motor to the muscles of the pharynx and larynx

Front 107

what is the action of CN 11: spinal root

Back 107

motor to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm.

Front 108

injury to the spinal root of one accessory nerve causes head to turn toward injury side as result of sternocleidomastoid muscle paralysis. hard to shrug shoulder

Back 108

damage to accessory nerves (CN 11)

Front 109

what type of nerve is CN 12

Back 109

somatic motor

Front 110

what is the action of CN 12

Back 110

motor to the extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles

Front 111

difficulty in speech and swallowing and moving tongue

Back 111

hypoglossal nerve damage

Front 112

white matter of cerebellum

Back 112

arbor vitae

Front 113

cortex: folds of cerebellum

Back 113

folia

Front 114

output neurons of the cerebellum

Back 114

purkinje cells

Front 115

oh oh oh to touch and feel very green vegetables at home

Back 115

olfactory

optic

oculomotor

trochlear

trigeminal

abducens

facial

vestibulocochlear

glossopharyngeal

vagus

accesory

hypoglossal

Front 116

some say marry money but my brother says big breasts matter more

Back 116

sensory

sensory

motor

motor

both

motor

both

sensory

both

both

motor

motor

Front 117

supra orbital nerve

Back 117

v1

Front 118

infraorbital nerve

Back 118

v2

Front 119

mental nerve

Back 119

v3

Front 120

mandibular division

Back 120

v3

Front 121

maxillary division

Back 121

v2

Front 122

ophthalamic division

Back 122

v1

Front 123

end brain

Back 123

telencephalon

Front 124

inter brain

Back 124

diencephalon

Front 125

midbrain

Back 125

mesencephalon

Front 126

after brain

Back 126

metencephalon

Front 127

cord brain

Back 127

myelencephalon