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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Larynx
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-Cylinder whose cartilaginous walls are stabilized by ligaments or skeletal muscles or both -begins at C4 or C5 and ends at C7 |
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Cartilages of the Larynx
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Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Epiglottis Paired Laryngeal Cartilage |
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Thyroid Cartilage
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-Largest -Forms anterior and lateral wall of the larynx -Laryngeal ridge (Adam's Apple) |
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Cricoid Cartilage
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-Sits inferior to thyroid cartilage -Complete ring, posterior portion greatly expanded |
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Epiglottis
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-Shoe-horn shaped epiglottis projects superior to the glottis -During swallowing the larynx is elevated, and the epiglottis folds back over the glottis, preventing the entry of liquids or solid food into the respiratory passageway |
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Paired Laryngeal Cartilages
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-Arytenoid -Corniculate -Cuneiform |
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Trachea
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-AKA windpipe -Tough, flexible tube with diameter of 2.5 cm (1 inch) and length of 11 cm (4.25 inches) -Begins at C6; ends at T5 -Lamina propria + epithelium= mucosa -pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Tracheal cartilages
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Function -stiffens tracheal walls and protects the airway -prevents its collapse or overexpansion as pressures change in the respiratory system -c-shaped -we have 15-20 |
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Trachealis
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-muscle on back of trachea -elastic ligament -smooth muscle |
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Annular ligaments
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-in trachea -between the cartilages and goes all the way around |
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Primary Bronchi
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-base of where it splits is called the carina -right and left are different -right is larger in diameter and descends at a steeper angle, allowing foreign material to head more to right so there are more infections in the right bronchi than left |
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Secondary bronchi
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-split off of primary |
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Tertiary Bronchi
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-Split off of secondary bronchi
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Anatomy of Lungs
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-Deep fissures divide into lobes (3 on right, 2 on left -Base of Right side sits higher than left -Anterior portion is called the lateral surface and is smooth -Posterior is the medial surface has indentations for organs |
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Fissures of the Right lobe
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-Horizontal fissure (separates superior and middle lobe) -Oblique fissure (separates middle and inferior lobes) |
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Fissure of the left lobe
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-oblique fissure
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Hilum
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-found on many organs but in the lungs it is a structures where the arteries, veins, lymphatics and nerves to enter
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Alveolar ducts and alveoli
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-Each lung has about 150 million alveoli -extensive network of capillaries surround each alveolus |
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Gas Exchange at the Alveoli
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-Pulmonary arteries transport carbon dioxide to alveolar capillaries -Carbon dioxide leaves capillaries and enters alveolar sacs -oxygen leaves alveolar sacs and enters capillaries -oxygen enters pulmonary veins and returns to heart to be pumped to all parts of the body |
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Elastic fibers of Alveoli
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-Elastic tissue surrounds each alveolus -Maintains the shape and position of each alveolus during inhalation and exhalation - |
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type I pneumocytes
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-Simple squamous cells -where gas exchange occurs |
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Surfactant
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Secreted by type II Pneumocytes -prevents alveolar collapse |
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Alveolar macrophages
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prevent infection
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Primary Respiratory Muscles
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-Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles -inhalation |
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Accessory Exhalation Respiratory Muscles
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-Internal intercostal muscles -Transversus thoracis muscle -External oblique muscles -Rectus abdominis -Internal Oblique muscle |
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Accessory Inhalation Respiratory Muscles
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-Sternocleidomastoid muscle -Scalene muscles -Pectoralis Minor muscle -Serratus anterior muscle |
