Anatomy Exam 3 Bonus Terms

Front 1

a denegerative neurological disorder that may develop in people with diabetes mellitus

Back 1

diabetic neuropathy

Front 2

a condition characterized by unilateral loss of sympathetic innervation to the face

Back 2

Horner's syndrome

Front 3

A condition of unknown cause that results from excessive peripheral sympathetic vasoconstriction in response to cold stimuli

Back 3

Raynaud's disease

Front 4

A graphical record of a subjects performance during a hearing test

Back 4

audiogram

Front 5

a test for conductive deafness, usually involving placement of a vibrating tuning fork against the skull

Back 5

bone conduction test

Front 6

an abnormal lens that has lost its transparency

Back 6

cataract

Front 7

insertion of electrodes into the cochlear nerve to provide external stimulation that provides some sensitivity to sounds in the basence of a functional organ of Corti

Back 7

cochlear implant

Front 8

Deafness resulting from conditions in the middle ear that block the transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Back 8

conductive deafness

Front 9

infection and inflammation of the mastoid air cells

Back 9

mastoiditis

Front 10

Acute vertigo caused by the rupture of the wall of the membranous labyrinth.

Back 10

Ménière’s disease

Front 11

Drainage of the middle ear through a surgical opening in the tympanum

Back 11

myringotomy

Front 12

Deafness resulting from problems within the cochlea or along the auditory pathway.

Back 12

nerve deafness

Front 13

Short, jerky eye movements that sometimes appear after damage to the brain stem or inner ear.

Back 13

nystagmus:

Front 14

Pain sensations from visceral organs, often perceived as originating in more superficial areas innervated by the same spinal nerves.

Back 14

referred pain

Front 15

Abnormal blind spots that are fixed in position.

Back 15

scotomas

Front 16

An inappropriate sense of motion

Back 16

vertigo

Front 17

A disorder that develops when the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH.

Back 17

diabetes insipidus

Front 18

A disorder characterized by glucose concentrations high enough to overwhelm the kidneys’ reabsorption capabilities.

Back 18

diabetes mellitus

Front 19

Protrusion of the eyes, a symptom of hyperthyroidism.

Back 19

exophthalmos

Front 20

A diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Back 20

goiter

Front 21

A type of diabetes mellitus; the primary cause is inadequate insulin production by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets.

Back 21

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (also known as type 1 diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes)

Front 22

A condition in which large numbers of ketone bodies in the blood lead to a dangerously low blood pH.

Back 22

ketoacidosis

Front 23

Symptoms of severe hypothyroidism, which include subcutaneous swelling, dry skin, hair loss, low body temperature, muscular weakness, and slowed reflexes

Back 23

myxedema

Front 24

A type of diabetes mellitus in which insulin levels are normal or elevated but peripheral tissues no longer respond normally

Back 24

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (also known as type 2 diabetes or maturity-onset diabetes)

Front 25

A period when a subject with acute hyperthyroidism experiences an extremely high fever, rapid heart rate, and the malfunctioning of a variety of physiological systems

Back 25

thyrotoxic crisis

Front 26

A condition in which exertion or stress can produce severe chest pain, resulting from temporary circulatory insufficiency and ischemia when the heart’s workload increases.

Back 26

angina pectoris

Front 27

A heart rate that is slower than normal.

Back 27

bradycardia

Front 28

Abnormal patterns of cardiac contraction.

Back 28

cardiac arrhythmias

Front 29

A condition resulting from pericardial irritation and inflammation, in which fluid collects in the pericardial sac and restricts cardiac output.

Back 29

cardiac tamponade

Front 30

A group of diseases characterized by the progressive, irreversible degeneration of the myocardium

Back 30

cardiomyopathies

Front 31

A general term indicating inflammation of the heart

Back 31

carditis

Front 32

Degenerative changes in the coronary circulation.

Back 32

coronary artery disease

Front 33

A blockage due to the formation of a clot (thrombus) at a plaque in a coronary artery.

Back 33

coronary thrombosis

Front 34

A condition in which the heart weakens and peripheral tissues suffer from oxygen and nutrient deprivation.

Back 34

heart failure

Front 35

A rushing, gurgling sound caused by blood regurgitation back through faulty heart valves

Back 35

heart murmur

Front 36

A condition in which the mitral valve cusps do not close properly because of abnormally long (or short) chordae tendineae or malfunctioning papillary muscles

Back 36

mitral valve prolapse

Front 37

A condition in which the mitral valve cusps do not close properly because of abnormally long (or short) chordae tendineae or malfunctioning papillary muscles

Back 37

mitral valve prolapse

Front 38

A condition in which the coronary circulation becomes blocked and the cardiac muscle cells die from oxygen starvation; also called a heart attack.

Back 38

myocardial infarction (MI):

Front 39

A condition in which the coronary circulation becomes blocked and the cardiac muscle cells die from oxygen starvation; also called a heart attack.

Back 39

myocardial infarction (MI):

Front 40

A disorder in which the heart valves become thickened and stiffen into a partially closed position, affecting the efficiency of the pumping action of the heart.

Back 40

rheumatic heart disease (RHD):

Front 41

A disorder in which the heart valves become thickened and stiffen into a partially closed position, affecting the efficiency of the pumping action of the heart.

Back 41

rheumatic heart disease (RHD):

Front 42

A heart rate that is faster than normal.

Back 42

tachycardia

Front 43

A heart rate that is faster than normal.

Back 43

tachycardia

Front 44

A condition in which the opening between the heart valves is narrower than normal.

Back 44

valvular stenosis

Front 45

A condition in which the opening between the heart valves is narrower than normal.

Back 45

valvular stenosis

Front 46

A bulge in the weakened wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery.

Back 46

CLINICAL TERMS


aneurysm

Front 47

A thickening and toughening of arterial walls.

Back 47

arteriosclerosis

Front 48

A type of arteriosclerosis characterized by changes in the endothelial lining and the formation of plaques.

Back 48

atherosclerosis

Front 49

Varicose veins in the walls of the rectum and/or anus, often associated with pregnancy or frequent straining to force bowel movements.

Back 49

hemorrhoids

Front 50

Circulatory blockage caused by the trapping of a freed thrombus in a pulmonary artery.

Back 50

pulmonary embolism:

Front 51

A stationary blood clot within a blood vessel

Back 51

thrombus

Front 52

sagging, swollen veins distorted by gravity and the failure of the venous valves

Back 52

varicose veins