Anatomy Exam 2 - Anterior Triangle

Front 1

Pharyngeal apparatus contributes to the formation of:

Back 1

head and neck
- face, nose, mouth, larynx, pharynx, and neck

Front 2

Pharyngeal apparatus starts to develop when:

Back 2

4 weeks

Front 3

contents of the pharyngeal apparatus

Back 3

pharyngeal arches
pharyngeal pouches
pharyngeal grooves
pharyngeal membranes

Front 4

pharyngeal arches:

Back 4

-develop at the lateral wall of the cranial end of the foregut
-arches appear as rounded elevations containing cells of neurocrest origin

Front 5

stomodeum

Back 5

at the anterior end of the foregut, site of future mouth
-pharynx widens cranially at the stomodeum and narrows inferiorly to continue with the esophagus

Front 6

oropharyngeal membrane separates:

Back 6

primordial pharynx and the foregut from the amniotic cavity
-ruptures around 26th day

Front 7

pharyngeal grooves

Back 7

separate arches on the outside

Front 8

pharyngeal pouches

Back 8

separate arches on the inside

Front 9

typical arch consistency:

Back 9

-core of mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue from neurocrest cells)
-covered externally by ectoderm
-covered internally by endoderm

Front 10

structures embedded in the mesenchyme of each arch:

Back 10

-blood vessel: artery
-cartilage: forms skeleton of struct
-muscular component: gives rise to muscles of head and neck
-nerve: supplies mucosa and muscles derived from that arch

Front 11

1st arch known as:

Back 11

mandibular arch

Front 12

mandibular arch develops two prominences:

Back 12

-maxillary prominence - gives rise to maxilla, zygomatic bone and squamous part of temporal bone
-mandibular prominence: gives rise to mandible

Front 13

muscles of 1st arch:

Back 13

muscles of mastication
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini

Front 14

nerve of first arch:

Back 14

mandibular division of CN V

Front 15

2nd arch known as:

Back 15

hyoid arch - major contribution to forming the hyoid bone

Front 16

muscles of the 2nd arch -

Back 16

-muscles of facial expression
-stapedius
-stylohyoid
-posterior belly of digastric

Front 17

nerve of 2nd arch

Back 17

CN VII

Front 18

third arch

Back 18

contribute to formation of hyoid bone

Front 19

muscle of third arch

Back 19

stylopharyngeus muscle

Front 20

nerve of third arch

Back 20

CN IX

Front 21

fourth arch

Back 21

formation of muscles and cartilages of the larnyx

Front 22

nerve of 4th arch

Back 22

CN X

Front 23

Pharyngeal pouches give rise to:

Back 23

parathyroid glands
thymus glands
palatine tonsils
tympanic cavity

Front 24

pharyngeal membranes

Back 24

ectoderm of grooves on outide of pharyngeal wall, make contact with the endoderm of the pouches
- first gives rise to tympanic membrane of the ear

Front 25

pharyngeal grooves give rise to:

Back 25

first makes external acoustic meatus and others disappear

Front 26

boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle

Back 26

-anterior midline of the neck
-inferior border of the mandible
-anterior border of SCM
-apex is jugular notch

Front 27

roof of the anterior triangle:

Back 27

superficial fascia
platysma
skin

Front 28

4 smaller triangles within the anterior triangle

Back 28

-submandibular (digastric)
-submental
-carotid
-muscular

Front 29

submandibular triangle boundaries:

Back 29

superiorly - inferior border of the mandible
laterally - posterior belly of the digastric m
medially - anterior belly of the digastric muscle
floor- mylohyoid and hypoglossal muscles

Front 30

submandibular triangle contents:

Back 30

-submandibular salivary gland
-submandibular ganglion (parasympathetic)
-submandibular lymph nodes
-hypoglossal n (CN XII)
-facial a and v

Front 31

submental triangle boundaries

Back 31

inferiorly - hyoid bone (base)
laterally - anterior bellies of the digastric m
medial - ant. midline of neck
floor - mylohyoid m

Front 32

submental triangle contents

Back 32

-submental lymph nodes
-beginning of anterior jugular veins

Front 33

carotid triangle boundaries

Back 33

anteriorly - superior belly of omohyoid m
superiorly - posterior belly of the digastric m
laterally - anterior border of SCM m

Front 34

carotid triangle contents

Back 34

carotid sheath
-vagus nerve (posterior)
-common and internal carotid (medial)
-internal jugular v (lateral)
external carotid and branches

Front 35

muscular triangle boundaries

Back 35

anterior - anterior midline of neck
laterally - superior belly of omohyoid
inferiorly - anterior border of SCM m

Front 36

muscular triangle contents

Back 36

thyroid and parathyroid glands (C6 level)
strap muscles covered by fascia
-sternothyroid
-sternohyoid
-thyerohyoid
-omohyoid (sup and inf bellies)

Front 37

right common carotid artery is a branch of

Back 37

brachiocephalic trunk

Front 38

left common carotid artery is a branch of

Back 38

aorta

Front 39

carotid occlusion can lead to

Back 39

stroke
transient ischemic attack

Front 40

internal carotid a enters skull thru

Back 40

carotid canal

Front 41

carotid sinus innervated by

Back 41

CN IX and X
blood pressure monitor

Front 42

external carotid artery termination:

Back 42

in the parotid gland by bifurcating into:
-superficial temporal
-maxillary

Front 43

branches of the external carotid:

Back 43

-superior thyroid
---superior laryngeal
-ascending pharyngeal
-lingual
-facial
-occipital
-posterior auricular
-maxillary
-superficial temporal

Front 44

branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery

Back 44

vertebral
internal thoracic
thyrocervical trunk
---transverse cervical
---suprascapular
---inferior thyroid

Front 45

branches of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery

Back 45

-costocervical trunk

Front 46

branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery

Back 46

-dorsal scapular a

Front 47

dialated structure of the internal jugular v

Back 47

jugular bulb

Front 48

termination of the internal jugular v

Back 48

joins with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic v

Front 49

anterior jugular vein:
begginning and drainage point

Back 49

begins in the submental trianle below the mandible
drains into the external jugular v

Front 50

longest cranial nerve

Back 50

vagus nerve

Front 51

branches of the vagus nerve

Back 51

-recurrent laryngeal
-contribution to the pharyngeal plexus
-cardiac branches
-superior laryngeal

Front 52

sympathetic trunk

Back 52

-consists of longitudinal strands of autonomic fibers
-begins at C1
-course inferiorly through the neck anterior to the vertebral column and deep to the carotid sheath

Front 53

cervical component of the sympathetic trunk has 3 ganglia:

Back 53

-Superior cervical ganglion
-middle cervical ganglion
-inferior cervical ganglion

Front 54

superior cervical ganglion

Back 54

-largest
-located at C1 and C2

Front 55

Middle cervical ganglion

Back 55

located at level of the cricoid cartilage (C6)

Front 56

inferior cervical ganglion

Back 56

-sometimes fused with first thoracic ganglion and is then known as stellate ganglion
-located at C7 (superior border of first rib