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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomical Position
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The position of the human body, standing erect, with face, hands and feet facing anteriorly with arms at the side of the body.
Used a the position of reference in description of site or directions of various parts. |
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Medial
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toward the midline of the body
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Lateral
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Away from the midline of the body.
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Superior
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Closer to head
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Inferior
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closer to the feet
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Cranial
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At the head end
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Caudal
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At the rear or tail end
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Anterior
Ventral |
In front of
Toward the front surface At the belly side of the body |
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Posterior
Dorsal |
In back of
Toward the back surface At the back side of the body |
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Proximal
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Closest point of attachment to trunk.
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Distal
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Furthest from point of attachment to trunk
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Mid or Median sagittal and parasagittal planes
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divides the structure into right and left halves.
sagittal divides into right and left portions as well though they may or may not be equal halves. |
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Transverse
or Horizontal or Cross sectional plane |
Body is separated into superior and inferior halves.
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Coronal
or Frontal Plane |
Body is separated into anterior and posterior halves.
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Superficial
or Cutaneous |
On the outside
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Deep
or Profunda |
On the inside, underneath another structure.
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Reflect
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cut the muscle or skin and peal it back as a single sheet by cutting it through the central portion unless instructed other wise.
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Deep Fascia
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An expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that separates individual muscles, binds together muscles with similar functions and forms sheaths to help distribute nerves, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels and to fill spaces between muscles.
AKA visceral or muscular fascia. |
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Superficial fascia
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composed of areolar and adipose connective tissues that separate the muscle from the skin
AKA subcutaneous layer |
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arise
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originates from
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Trapezius
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O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7 to T12.
I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula. F: rotates the scapula during abduction of humerus; elevate, adduct and depress scapula. |
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Lattissimus dorsi
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O: Spinous process of T12-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10-12.
I: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus. F: Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus. |
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Rhomboid Major
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O: Spinous process of T2-T5.
I: Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle. F: Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula. |
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Serratus posterior inferior
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O: Spinous process of T11-L3 and supraspinous ligaments.
I: Lower border of ribs 9-12 just lateral to their angles. F: Depresses ribs 9-12 and may prevent lower ribs from being elevated when the diaphragm contracts. |
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Teres minor
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O: Upper 2/3 of a flattened strip of bone on the posterior surface of the scapula immediately adjacent to the lateral border of the scapula.
I: Inferior facet on the posterior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus. F: Lateral rotation of arm at the glenohumeral joint. Is a rotator cuff muscle |
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Supraspinatus
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O: medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa of the scapula and the deep fascia that covers the muscle.
I: Most superior facet on the greater tubercle of the humerus. F: Initiation of abduction of arm to 15 deg at glenohumeral joint. Rotator Cuff Muscle |
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Subscapularis
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O: Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa.
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus. F: Medial rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint. Rotator Cuff Muscle |
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Serratus anterior
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O: lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces.
I: Costal surface of medial border of scapula. F: Protraction and rotation of the scapula; keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall. |
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Splenius capitis
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O: Lower Half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T4.
I: Mastoid process, skull below lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line. F: Draw head backwards, extending neck, draw and rotate head to one side. |
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Iliocostalis (lumborum)
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O: sacrum, spinous process of lumbar and lower 2 thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments, and the iliac crest.
I: Angles of the lower 6 or 7 ribs. |
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Iliocostalis (Thoracis)
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O: angles of the lower 6 ribs.
I: Angles of the upper 6 ribs and the transverse process of C7. |
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Iliocostalis (cervicis)
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O: Angles of ribs3-6.
I: Transverse processes of C4 -C6. |
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Longissimus (thoracis)
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O: Blends with iliocostalis in lumbar region and is attached to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae.
I: |
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Longissimus (cervicis)
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O: Transverse processes of T4 or 5.
I: Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and just lateral to the tubercles of the lower 9 or 10 ribs. |
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Longissimus (capitis)
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O:Transferse processes of upper 4 or 5 thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of C3 or 4.
I: Posterior margin of the mastoid process. |
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Spinalis (thoracis)
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O: Spinous process of T10 or T11 to L2.
I: Spinous processes of T1-T8 |
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Spinalis (cervicis)
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O: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7.
I: Spinous process of C2 (axis) |
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Spinalis ( capitus)
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O: Usually blends with semispinalis capitis.
I: with semispinalis capitis. |
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Semispinalis (thoracis)
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O: Transverse processes of T6-T10.
I: Spinous processes of upper 4 thoracic and lower 2 cervical vertebrae. |
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Semispinalis (cervicis)
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O: Transverse processes of upper 5 or 6 thoracic vert.
I: Spinous process of C2 (axis) to C5 |
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Semipinalis (capitis)
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O: Transverse processes of T2-T6 and C7 and articular processes of C4-6.
I: Medial area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone. |
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Multifidus
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O: Sacrum, origin of erector spinae, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of lower four cervical vertebrae.
I: Base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5-C2 (axis). |
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Rotatores (lumborum)
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O:Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae.
I: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae. |
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Rotatores (Thoracis)
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O: Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae.
I: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae. |
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Rotatores ( cervicis)
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O: Articular processes of cervical vertebrae.
I: Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae. |
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Oblique Capitus Superior
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O: Transverse process of atlas (C1).
I: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines. F: Extension of head and bends it to same side. |
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Rectus capitus posterior major
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O: Spinous process of axis (C2)
I: Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line. F: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle. |
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Gluteus Maximus
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O: Fascia covering Gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament.
I: Posterior aspect of ilotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur. F: Powerful exentsor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; laterally rotates and abducts thigh. |
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Gluteus medius
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O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
I: elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. F: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stace leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh. |
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Rostral
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Toward the nose
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Oblique Capitus Superior
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O: Transverse process of atlas (C1).
I: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines. F: Extension of head and bends it to same side. |
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Buccal
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Cheek
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Rectus capitus posterior major
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O: Spinous process of axis (C2)
I: Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line. F: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle. |
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Mental
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chin
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Gluteus Maximus
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O: Fascia covering Gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament.
I: Posterior aspect of ilotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur. F: Powerful exentsor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; laterally rotates and abducts thigh. |
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Antecubital
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Region anterior to the elbow.
AKA the cubital region |
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Gluteus medius
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O: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
I: elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. F: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stace leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh. |
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Rostral
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Toward the nose
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Antebrachial
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Forearm
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Buccal
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Cheek
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Coxal
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Hip
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Mental
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chin
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Antecubital
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Region anterior to the elbow.
AKA the cubital region |
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Antebrachial
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Forearm
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Coxal
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Hip
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Crural
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Leg (between knee and ankle)
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Inguinal
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Groin
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Aricular
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Ear
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Olecranon
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Posterior elbow
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Popliteal
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posterior knee
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Sural
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Calf
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Gliding motion
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2 opposing articular surfaces slide past each other in almost any direction with slight movement.
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Angular Motion
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The angle between articulation bones increases or decreases.
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Rotational Motion
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A bone pivots around its own longitudinal axis.
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Special Movements
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Types of movement that don't fit in previous categories.
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Dorsilflexion
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Ankle joint movement whereby the dorsum of the foot is brought closer to the anterior surface of the leg
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Plantarflexion
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Ankle joing movement whereby the sole of the foot is brought closer to the posterior surface of the leg.
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Opposition
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Special movement of the thumb across the palm toward the fingers to permit grasping and holding of an object.
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