Anatomy---Epithelial, Skin, Appendages

Front 1

epithelial tissues

Back 1

little to no intercellular material, classification based on number of cell layers, shapes of the surface cellular, avascular, basement membrane

Front 2

simple epithelium

Back 2

single layer of cells supported by basement membrane, specialized for absorption or filtration, located in areas of minimal wear and tear

Front 3

simple squamous

Back 3

flattened, scale-like, fitted together to form a mosaic

Front 4

mesothelium

Back 4

simple squamous epithelium when it covers viscera

Front 5

endothelium

Back 5

simple squamous epithelium when it forms and capillary walls,lines blood and lymph vessels, and lines the heart

Front 6

simple cuboidal

Back 6

cubed shaped, from surface view, cells look like polygons with more than four sides, ovary covering and ducts in thyroid and salivary glands

Front 7

simple columnar

Back 7

long cylindrical cells like rectangles on ends, without cilia or modified (microvilli into goblet cells) or with cilia

Front 8

stratified epithelium

Back 8

stacked, top layer at free surface, bottom layer at basement membrane, top layer produced by mitotic divisions of bottom layers, areas of much wear and tear

Front 9

stratified squamous

Back 9

superficial cells are flat, deeper ones cuboidal to columnar, nonkeratinized line wet areas, keratinized forms outer dead, dry, layer of skin

Front 10

keratin

Back 10

tough water resistant protein contained in dead cells

Front 11

stratified cuboidal

Back 11

rare, ducts of adult sweat glands

Front 12

stratified columnar

Back 12

superficial cells are columnar, basal layer of irregualr (polyhedral) cells, male urethra, milk ducts

Front 13

transitional

Back 13

superficial cells are large and rounded, but can be stretched into squamous-like situation, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra

Front 14

glandular epithelium

Back 14

secretion of chemicals

Front 15

exocrine glands

Back 15

secrete products into ducts that open at sin surface or into organ's lumen, oils sweat, enzymes

Front 16

unicellular

Back 16

goblet cells whihc produce mucus

Front 17

multicellular

Back 17

tubular, acinar, tubuloacinar

Front 18

holocrine

Back 18

cell dies and secretion is discharged, sebaceous glands

Front 19

merocrine

Back 19

no part of cell is lost, secretion produced, pancreas, salivary glands,

Front 20

apocrine

Back 20

tips of cells are pinched off along with the secretion, milk glands

Front 21

endocrine glands

Back 21

ductless, secrete hormones into tissue spaces where they enter blood vessels, thyroid, adrenal gland, placenta

Front 22

integumentary system

Back 22

skin, epidermis,dermis, subcutaneous layer, hypodermis, hair glands, nails

Front 23

skin

Back 23

largest organ of body, cover and protection, control of body temperature, stimuli from environment, small amounts of nitrogenous wastes, vit D production, surface is dead

Front 24

epidermis

Back 24

outer thinner production of stratified squamous epithelium

Front 25

stratum basale

Back 25

single layer of columnar cells, site of mitosis, aka stratum germinativum

Front 26

stratum spinosum

Back 26

spiny appearance due to desmosomes, 8-10 rows of polyhedrals, Langerhans cells-initiate immune response

Front 27

stratum granulosum

Back 27

2 to 3 layers of flattened cells, contain granules of keratohyalin gives rise to eleidin, nuclei begin to degenerate, upper cells are dead

Front 28

stratum lucidum

Back 28

3-5 layers of clear flat dead cells, dead cells contains mostly eleidin which transforms to keratin, areas of thick skin, palms and soles, absent in hairy skin

Front 29

stratum corneum

Back 29

25-30 layers of flat, dead cells, cells contain keratin, cornified or horny, continuously shed and replaced from beneath

Front 30

keratin

Back 30

water resistant protein, friction callus may form, resists bacterial invasion

Front 31

pigment

Back 31

melanin, melanoblasts, melanocytes

Front 32

carotene

Back 32

yellow pigment abundant in epidermal cells of people of Asian decent, in s. corneum & fatty areas of dermis

Front 33

papillary region

Back 33

vascualr, dermal papillae increase surface area cause ridges, respoinsible for fingerprints

Front 34

reticular regions

Back 34

contains fibers, vessels, adipocytes glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles, attached to orgns by subcutaneous layer(NOT PART OF INTEGUMENT)

Front 35

sebaceous glands

Back 35

acinar, develop in empty hair follicles, secreting portion in dermis, some associated with hairless regions, large in breasts, face, neck upper chest, back and nipples, secrete sebum

Front 36

sudoriferous

Back 36

sweat glands,located on mot of the body except nail beds of digits,margins of lips, eardrums, labia minora, and glans penis/clitoris

Front 37

eccrine sweat

Back 37

tubular, merocrine, secrete by dermis, open to free surface, many on palms and soles, ceruminous gland in ears

Front 38

apocrine sweat

Back 38

tubular extend into sub-q, associated with hair follicles, located in axillae, perineal region, around nipples, merocrine with viscous secretion in response to stress or sexual stimulation, degraded by bacteria to cause odors

Front 39

hair

Back 39

most of body, protect from UV rays, important in touch, ornamental

Front 40

hair follicles

Back 40

bulb w/ indentation, matrix, germial area, hair root of cuticle, cortex and medulla, shaft, superficial portion, arrector pili muscles

Front 41

nails

Back 41

highly modified keratinized epidermal cells, protects end of digits, picking things up, scratching

Front 42

parts of nail

Back 42

free edge, nail body, nail root, lunula, hyponychium, eponychium, nail bed of s. basale, nail matrix, curved longitudinally and transversely

Front 43

free edge

Back 43

portion of nail that is cut

Front 44

nail body

Back 44

visible part of nail

Front 45

nail root

Back 45

hidden part of nail in nail groove

Front 46

lunula

Back 46

moon shaped opaque region of nail

Front 47

hyponychium

Back 47

stratum corneum below free edge

Front 48

eponychium

Back 48

cuticle, stratum corneum at proximal border of nail

Front 49

nail matrix

Back 49

thick s. basale, site of mitosis