Anatomy-Cranial Nerves

Front 1

Cranial Nerves Order

Back 1

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Front 2

Sensory, Motor, or Mixed Order

Back 2

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Front 3

Cranial Nerve I

Back 3

Olfactory
Carry purely sensory information (smell)
Arise from the nose and synapse within the olfactory bulb

Front 4

Cranial Nerve II

Back 4

Optic
Purely sensory (visual sensory inputs)
Emerge from sensory ganglia in the eye and synapse within the thalamus

Front 5

Cranial Nerve III, IV, and VI

Back 5

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens

Purely motor control eye muscles

Front 6

Cranial Nerve V

Back 6

Trigeminal
The largest cranial nerves. MIXED NERVES.
Sensory information from the head and face: tough, temperature, pain. Motor control on chewing muscles.
Arise from the pons. Branches into 3 divisions.

Front 7

Cranial Nerve VII

Back 7

Facial
MIXED NERVES. Control muscles of the face and scalp. Facial expressions. Provide pressure sensations over the face. Receive taste information from the frontal tongue.

Front 8

Cranial Nerve VIII

Back 8

Vestibulocochlear (auditory)
Most sensory. Vestibular branch monitors balance, position and movement. Cochlear branch monitors hearing.

Front 9

Cranial Nerve IX

Back 9

Glossopharyngeal
MIXED NERVES. Innervate the back of the tongue and pharynx. Control the action of swallowing.

Front 10

Cranial Nerve X

Back 10

MIXED NERVES. The only cranial nerves extending beyond the head and neck. Serve internal organs. Emerge from medulla. Get sensory inputs and send motor controls.

Front 11

Cranial Nerve XI and XII

Back 11

Accessory and Hypoglossal
Primarily motor neurons.
Emerge from the medulla.
Control neck (accessory) and tongue (hypoglossal) muscles.