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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
diaphysis
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central shaft of a bone
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epiphyses
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two ends of a bone
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periosteum
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membrane on the external surface of the bone
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proximal
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closer to the trunk or to some major point
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distal
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further from the trunk or to some major point
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alveolar structure
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Bone sponge in epiphyses
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Osteoclasts
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a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing its mineralized matrix and breaking up the organic bone (organic dry weight is 90% collagen). This process is known as bone resorption. Osteoclasts
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Osteoblasts
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mononucleate cells that are responsible for bone formation;
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Osteocytes
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Living bone cells
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midsagittal (median) plane
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divides the body into symmetrical left and right halves
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frontal (coronal) plane
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any vertical plane perpendicular to the the median plane, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
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transverse (horizontal) plane
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divides the body into superior and inferior (upper and lower) parts
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femur
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“Thigh bone,” the longest and heaviest bone in the human body. Distal end connects to tibia at the knee, proximal end connects to the hip.
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tibia
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“Shin bone,” the largest of the two bones in the lower leg. Proximal end connects to femur at knee; distal end connects to talus at ankle. Also connects to the fibula at the head.
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fibula
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Smaller of the two bones on the lower leg. Does not bear weight or participate in the knee joint.
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head (of the femur)
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smooth spherical surface at proximal end that connects to the acetabelum of the pelvis to form the hip joint
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lesser trochanter and greater trochanter
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Features of the proximal end of the femur. Roughened projections for muscle attachment.
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lateral and medial epicondyles
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Features of the distal end of the femur. Roughened surfaces for muscle attachment.
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lateral and medial condyles (of the femur)
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Smooth surfaces articulating with the proximal tibia.
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lateral and medial condyles (of the tibia)
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Features of the proximal end of the tibia that fit against the identically named surfaces of the distal femur.
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flexion
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movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body forward from the anatomical position
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extension
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movement in a sagittal plane that takes a part of the body backward from the anatomical position
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adduction
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movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body toward the median plane
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abduction
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movement in a frontal plane that takes a part of the body away from median plane
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