Anatomy Chapter 35: Facial Skeleton

Front 1

The facial skeleton and anterior neck derive from the _______ and exhibit _______ segmentation.

Back 1

primitive gill arch system
branchiomeric

****note: "branchio" means gill

Front 2

Name the 3 special sensory nerves (and their number)

Back 2

olfactory nerve (CN I)
optic nerve (CN II)
vestibulocochlear nerve (CNVIII)

Front 3

Name the somatic motor nerves (and their number)

Back 3

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES:
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
trochlear nerve (CN IV)
abducens nerve (CN VI)

TONGUE MUSCLE:
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Front 4

Branchiomeric nerves are associated with muscles of branchiomeric segmentation. Each nerve divides into two branches _______ and _______. (And describe their function)

Back 4

Anterior -- pretrematic (sensory only)
Posterior -- post-trematic (motor and sensory)

****note: "trematic" means hole.

Front 5

The pretrematic branch of one arch usually joins the _______ branch of the _______ arch.

Back 5

post-trematic
preceding

Front 6

List the branchial skeletal derivatives that arise from the first arch.

Back 6

Mandible
Sphenomandibular ligament
Malleus
Incus

Front 7

List the branchial skeletal derivatives that arise from the second arch.

Back 7

Hyoid lesser horn
Stylohyoid ligament
Styloid process
Stapes

Front 8

List the branchial skeletal derivatives that arise from the third arch.

Back 8

Hyoid body and greater horn

Front 9

List the branchial skeletal derivatives that arise from the sixth arch.

Back 9

Laryngeal cartilages

Front 10

List the branchial skeletal derivatives that arise from the fourth arch.

Back 10

Laryngeal cartilages

Front 11

List the branchiomeric muscle derivatives of the first arch.

Back 11

Tensor tympani
Tensor palatini
Mylohyoid
Masticatory muscles (masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, temporalis)

Front 12

The ______ arch never develops in humans; there are no components.

Back 12

Fifth

Front 13

List the branchiomeric muscle derivatives of the second arch.

Back 13

Stylohyoid
Digastric posterior belly
Stapedius
Muscles of facial expression (long list)

Front 14

List the branchiomeric muscle derivatives of the third arch.

Back 14

Stylopharyngeus

Front 15

List the branchiomeric muscle derivatives of the fourth arch.

Back 15

Cricothyroid
Pharyngeal muscles (Superior constrictor, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor, levator palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus)

Front 16

List the branchiomeric muscle derivatives of the sixth arch.

Back 16

Laryngeal muscles (posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, thyroarytenoi vocalis)

Front 17

List the branchiomeric nerve derivations and their pretrematic and post-trematic branches of the first arch.

Back 17

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Pre: Maxillary n.
Post: Mandibular n.

Front 18

List the branchiomeric nerve derivations and their pretrematic and post-trematic branches of the second arch.

Back 18

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Pre: Chorda tympani n.
Post: Facial n. proper

Front 19

List the branchiomeric nerve derivations and their pretrematic and post-trematic branches of the third arch.

Back 19

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Pre: Tympanic br.
Post: Glossopharyngeal n.

Front 20

List the branchiomeric nerve derivations and their pretrematic and post-trematic branches of the fourth arch.

Back 20

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Pre: Pharyngeal br.
Post: Superior laryngeal br.

Front 21

List the branchiomeric nerve derivations and their pretrematic and post-trematic branches of the sixth arch.

Back 21

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Pre: NONE
Post: Recurrent laryngeal br.

Front 22

The facial cranium is bounded posteriorly by the ______ bone and superiorly by the floor of the _______.

Back 22

sphenoid bone
anterior cranial fossa

Front 23

3 bones bind the orbital margin.

Back 23

frontal
zygomatic
maxillary

Front 24

5 bones that contribute to the orbital walls (not counting 3 bones of the orbital margin)

Back 24

sphenoid
palatine
ethmoid
lacrimal
nasal

Front 25

List the pyramidal stack of hollow bones that make up the apex, floor and walls of nasal cavity.

Back 25

Apex: 1.) ethmoid

Floor: 1.) maxilla 2.) palatine 3.) vomer

Walls: 1.) maxilla 2.) palatine 3.) inferior nasal concha 4.) lacrimal 5.) nasal bone

Front 26

The mandible surrounds the mouth and _____ and articulates with the _______ of the neurocranium to complete the skull.

Back 26

pharynx
temporal bone

Front 27

Le Fort type III fracture. What is it and what happens?

Back 27

visceral face separates from neurocranium. face moves posteriorly and inferiorly to obstruct the airway.

Front 28

The facial cranium consists of _____ bones. Which 5 are shared with the neurocranium?

Back 28

16

frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
temporal
basioccipital

Front 29

the _____ sits at the apex of the pyramidal stack of nasal bones.

Back 29

ethmoid

Front 30

List the contributions of the ethmoid to nasal cavity (5), orbit (1), and anterior cranial fossa (1).

Back 30

Nasal cavity: roof, walls, septum, sinuses, conachae

Orbit: medial wall

Anterior cranial fossa: floor

Front 31

The roof of the nasal cavity, which separates it from the _____ is formed by the _______, which is a portion of the _____ bone.

Back 31

anterior cranial fossa
cribiform plate
ethmoid

Front 32

The superior and middle conchae divide the lateral wall of the nasal cavity into a ______ recess , ______ meatus, and ______ meatus.

Back 32

sphenoethmoidal
superior
middle

Front 33

The lateral plate of the ethmoid labryinth form the ______ of the medial orbital wall.

Back 33

lamina papyracea (a.k.a. orbital plate of ethmoid bone)

Front 34

The vertical plate of the ethmoid extends above the cribiform plate as the ________ in the anterior cranial fossa. Inferiorly, it articulates with the ________ to form the nasal septum.

Back 34

crista galli
vomer

Front 35

Results of injury to cribiform plate.

Back 35

Rhinorrhea (discharge of CSF through nose)

Meningitis (b/c pathogens gain entry to cranial cavity through nasal cavity)

Anosmia (loss of sense of smell due to tearing of olfactory nerves)

Front 36

Result of fracture of lamina papyracea

Back 36

Orbital emphysema (air enters into eye space)

Momentary exopthalmos (bulging of eye out of socket when sneezing/ blowing the nose)

Front 37

This bone splits posteriorly into two alae to accommodate the sphenoidal crest.

Back 37

Vomer

Front 38

This bone usually deviates to one side, which needs to be considered when placing a tube.

Back 38

Vomer

Front 39

The sphenoid bone lies mainly in the ________ cranial fossa and separates the cranial cavity from the _______, _______, and _________.

Back 39

middle
nasal cavity
orbit
infratemporal fossa