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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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4 Types of tissue
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Epithelial
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Connective
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What is the Epithelial tissue?
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"Lining to the Dress" SILK packed close together so nothing gets through and very little intercellular matter protection
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secretion
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FX of Squamous?
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LINES: heart
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internal surfaces of blood and lymph nodes and air cells of lungs and major body cavities. FX: rapid diffusion of gasses. GASS OFF
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FX of Cubodial and Columnar cells
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FX: Secretion and Absorbtion MO: Cubes and Columns Make up glads
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terminal ends of bronchioles
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FX: Stratified Epitheliam -- Where is it and What does it do?
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Layered skin
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oral cavity
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FX: Mesothelial
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Lines body cavities * cells more columnar *LInes peritoneal cavity (abdomen)
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pleural cavity (lung part of chest
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What is Matrix
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Produced by Cells Can be Protein fibers or ground substance (minerals
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salt) or fluid
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Dense Connective Tissue Types
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Tendons
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ligaments
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Tendons: MO
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FX and Morphology
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Tough Intertwined parallel fibers (collagenous) * always associated with a muscle -bind muscle to bones
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APONEUROSIS -
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flat
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sheet like tendon -- diaphragm
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4 identifiers of Cartilage
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1.MATRIX flexible (protioglycans and collagen) 2.Does not repair well if injured
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but does replace with wear 3. Precurser to bone
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Hyaline Cartilage
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*Bluish
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shiny *covers surfaces of bones where joints articulate (move: knee
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Elastic Cartilage
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Yellow Flexible
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rubbery consistency calcification is rare Ear
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Synarthroidal
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Fibrous: Imovable. Bones nearly touch. bound by thin connective tissue. Found in skull
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facial bones
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Muscle origin
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fixed attachment
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usually most porximal
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Muscle insertion
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structure acted upon
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usually most distal insertion moves towards origin
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Muscle behavior
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Always pull
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never push can be agonis for one movement and antagonist for another
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Smooth Muscle FX and MO
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Long fibers without bands Involuntary Movement (stomach
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intestines) Wave like contraction (digestion)
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Muscle Fiber arrangement
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Dictates strength and movement Parallel (long
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slender muscle fibers Bicepts
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What is long slender muscle fibers?
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Parallel
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Bicepts rectus abdominus (six pack)
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What does nervous tissue do? FX
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Transmit information Controls (muscles
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glands
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Near the surface
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or relating to the part of the nervous system ouside the brain and spinal cord. After a neve exits the spinal cord (bony structure )it becomes a part of this system
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peripheral
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Includes head
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vertebral column
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sternum and ribs and HYOID (under chin)
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What does the Axial Skeleton include?
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Head
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vertebral column
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Including Shoulder girdle
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pelvic girdle
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arms and legs
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Basic Cell Structure
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Nucleus: DNA Organelles: Housekeeping carry out special processes (generate energy
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protein synthesis
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4 Types of tissue
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Epithelial
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Connective
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What is the Epithelial tissue?
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"Lining to the Dress" SILK packed close together so nothing gets through and very little intercellular matter protection
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secretion
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FX of Squamous?
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LINES: heart
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internal surfaces of blood and lymph nodes and air cells of lungs and major body cavities. FX: rapid diffusion of gasses. GASS OFF
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FX of Cubodial and Columnar cells
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FX: Secretion and Absorbtion MO: Cubes and Columns Make up glads
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terminal ends of bronchioles
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FX: Stratified Epitheliam -- Where is it and What does it do?
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Layered skin
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oral cavity
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FX: Mesothelial
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Lines body cavities * cells more columnar *LInes peritoneal cavity (abdomen)
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pleural cavity (lung part of chest
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What is Matrix
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Produced by Cells Can be Protein fibers or ground substance (minerals
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salt) or fluid
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Dense Connective Tissue Types
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Tendons
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ligaments
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Tendons: MO
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FX and Morphology
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Tough Intertwined parallel fibers (collagenous) * always associated with a muscle -bind muscle to bones
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APONEUROSIS -
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flat
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sheet like tendon -- diaphragm
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4 identifiers of Cartilage
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1.MATRIX flexible (protioglycans and collagen) 2.Does not repair well if injured
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but does replace with wear 3. Precurser to bone
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Hyaline Cartilage
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*Bluish
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shiny *covers surfaces of bones where joints articulate (move: knee
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Elastic Cartilage
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Yellow Flexible
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rubbery consistency calcification is rare Ear
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Synarthroidal
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Fibrous: Imovable. Bones nearly touch. bound by thin connective tissue. Found in skull
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facial bones
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Muscle origin
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fixed attachment
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usually most porximal
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Muscle insertion
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structure acted upon
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usually most distal insertion moves towards origin
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Muscle behavior
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Always pull
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never push can be agonis for one movement and antagonist for another
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Smooth Muscle FX and MO
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Long fibers without bands Involuntary Movement (stomach
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intestines) Wave like contraction (digestion)
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Muscle Fiber arrangement
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Dictates strength and movement Parallel (long
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slender muscle fibers Bicepts
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What is long slender muscle fibers?
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Parallel
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Bicepts rectus abdominus (six pack)
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What does nervous tissue do? FX
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Transmit information Controls (muscles
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glands
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Near the surface
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or relating to the part of the nervous system ouside the brain and spinal cord. After a neve exits the spinal cord (bony structure )it becomes a part of this system
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peripheral
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Includes head
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vertebral column
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sternum and ribs and HYOID (under chin)
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What does the Axial Skeleton include?
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Head
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vertebral column
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Including Shoulder girdle
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pelvic girdle
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arms and legs
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Basic Cell Structure
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Nucleus: DNA Organelles: Housekeeping carry out special processes (generate energy
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protein synthesis
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Toward the front of the body
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Anterior/Frontal or Ventral (quadraped)
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cells that clump together with similar function is...
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tissue
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4 Types of tissue
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Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous Special jobs for each. (Every Cat Makes Noodles)
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4 Types of Epithelial Tissue
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CILIATED SQUAMOUS CUBODIAL COLUMNAR STRATIFIED
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What is the Epithelial tissue?
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"Lining to the Dress" SILK packed close together so nothing gets through and very little intercellular matter protection, secretion, absorbtion, sensation
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what is the simplest epithelial tissue?
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Squamous
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FX of Squamous?
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LINES: heart, internal surfaces of blood and lymph nodes and air cells of lungs and major body cavities. FX: rapid diffusion of gasses. GASS OFF
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FX of Cubodial and Columnar cells
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FX: Secretion and Absorbtion MO: Cubes and Columns Make up glads, terminal ends of bronchioles, line gastrointestinal tract. Some have cilia that increase absorbtion
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FX: Stratified Epitheliam -- Where is it and What does it do?
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Layered skin, oral cavity, pharynx, vocal folds, esophagus STRONG PROTECTION - WONT LET THINGS THROUGH Basal Cells: Cubodial/columnar -- outermost cells are flat squamous cells containilng keratin (protein that is insoluble in aqueous solutions and resistant to chemicals)
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Types of Eipthelieum - Based on sites in the body
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Epithelial Proper Endothelial Mesothelial
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FX: Mesothelial
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Lines body cavities * cells more columnar *LInes peritoneal cavity (abdomen) , pleural cavity (lung part of chest, and Pericardial cavity (heart part of chest) STRON PROTECTIVE LINING
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FX: Connective Tissue
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COMPLEX FX: *connects/binds structures together *supports the body *aids in body maintenance
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Marks of Connective Tissue
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Few Cells Lots of Interacellular /intercellular Matrix Matrix determins function
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What is Matrix
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Produced by Cells Can be Protein fibers or ground substance (minerals, salt) or fluid
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4 types of connective tissue
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Loose Dense cartilage/bone blood
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Loose Connective Tissue
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Areolar and Adipose
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Areolar
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supports most organs in body Widely distributed under skin Fills space between organs and muscles Mesh like
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Adipose Tissue
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Fat usually lies just beneath the skin
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Dense connective tissue
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Closely packed fibers can be *Collagenous --like glue and gelatin *Elastic -Easily streatched *Reticular -Comb-like that take on mesh pattern
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Dense Connective Tissue Types
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Tendons, ligaments, facia, Hyaline Cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibro cartilage, bone
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Tendons: MO, FX and Morphology
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Tough Intertwined parallel fibers (collagenous) * always associated with a muscle -bind muscle to bones, cartilage or other muscle *Morphology (shape) similar to the muscle it is attached to
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Tendon Facts
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Very Strong - can withstand 2x streach that a muscle can withstand Muscles willl be damaged before a tendon is damaged
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APONEUROSIS -
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flat, sheet like tendon -- diaphragm
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Liagmets MO 2 kinds
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Very strong and dense Visceral and Skeletal Some stretch (yellow) Some dont stretch (white)
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Type of ligaments that bind bone to bone
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Skeletal ligaments
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Type of ligaments that bind organs together or hold in place
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VisceraL Ligaments
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Fascia
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Sheet like connective tissue that organized muscle fibers into functional groups binds groups of muscles
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What is sheet like connective tissue that organizes and binds muscles?
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FASCIA
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4 identifiers of Cartilage
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1.MATRIX flexible (protioglycans and collagen) 2.Does not repair well if injured, but does replace with wear 3. Precurser to bone, (bone begins as cartilage) 4.Has tensile strength (resists separation) and compression strenghth(retains form) 3 types
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Hyaline Cartilage
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*Bluish, shiny *covers surfaces of bones where joints articulate (move: knee, hip) *Poor blood supply *Calcification/ossification occurs over time *Parts of larynx, trachea, cartilaginous portion of ribs, bronchial tube
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Elastic Cartilage
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Yellow Flexible, rubbery consistency calcification is rare Ear, external auditory meatus, eppiglottis, Eustacian tube, parts of larynx
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Fibro cartilage
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Shock absorber Denser than other cart. Invertebral discs (between vertebrae of spinal cord) and temoporal-mandibular joint (TMJ)
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Bone Features
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Hardest of all connective tissue (lacunae collagen fibers and mineralized calcium e.g. calcium bonded to inoganic salts) 65% of bone is calcim which gives it rigidity and 30% is collagen which gives it strength Can be compact or spongy (spongy type has marrow that produces blood cells) Bone provides the frame for the body and protection for the organs
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Condyle
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rounded process of bone
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Crest
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Prominant ridge of bone
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Process
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bone prominence
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Spine
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Sharp projection of bone
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Trochanter
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large bone projection
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Tubercle
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small rounded projection of bone
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Tuberosity
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large rounded projection of bone
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Fissure
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Cleft or deep groove of bone
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Foramen
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Opening of bone
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Fossa
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PIt or hollow of bone
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Fovea
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Small pit like depression of bone
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Meatus
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tube or passage way of bone
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Neck
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constriction near one end of the bone
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Sinus
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Cavity with a bone
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Sulcus
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groove or furrow of the bone
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Joint Typs by degree of movement
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Synarthroidal/fibrous Amphiathroidal/cartilaginous Diathroidal/synovial
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Synarthroidal
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Fibrous: Imovable. Bones nearly touch. bound by thin connective tissue. Found in skull, facial bones, teeth in socket, sutures in the skull
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Amphiarthroidal
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SLightly movable. Connected by cartilage. Between vertebrae and pelvic bones
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Diathroidal/Synovial
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Freely movable. Can be like ball and socket or hinge. Internal capsule. Secretes synovial fluid to libricate the joint.
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Muscle FEatures
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Contractile tissue Responsible for all movement Innervated by nerves that stimulate to activity 40% of body weight Connected to skeleton by tendons Morphology depends on function
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Muscle origin
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fixed attachment, usually most porximal
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Muscle insertion
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structure acted upon, usually most distal insertion moves towards origin
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Muscle behavior
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Always pull, never push can be agonis for one movement and antagonist for another
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Antagonist
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Muscle that opposes a given movement
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aBduction
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moving away from midline
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aDuction
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moving toward the midline
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muscle moving way from midline
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aBduction
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muscle moving toward the midline
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aDduction
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Muscle Rotation toward the midline
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Medial rotation
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Muscle rotation away from midline
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Lateral Rotation
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What is a Motor Unit?
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One efferent/motor nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches
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Three types of muscles
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Striated Smooth Cardiac
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Striated Muscle MO and FX
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Long fibers with evely spaces bands Provide voluntary movement 329 striated muscles all but 2 are paired (diaphram and procerus between eyebrows)
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Smooth Muscle FX and MO
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Long fibers without bands Involuntary Movement (stomach, intestines) Wave like contraction (digestion)
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Cartiac Muscle
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found only in heart Involuntary but striated Self-excitable
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Muscle Fiber arrangement
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Dictates strength and movement Parallel (long, slender muscle fibers Bicepts, rectus abcomus (six pac) Radiating - fan shaped Pectoralis major Penniform -- extend obliquely from either side of a central tendon -- diaphram
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Fan shaped muscle fiber
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radiating -- Pectoralis Major
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What is long slender muscle fibers?
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Parallel, Bicepts rectus abdominus (six pack)
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what muscle may extend obliquely from either side of a central tendon?
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Penniform -- Diaphram
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What does arrangement of muscle fiber dictate?
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strength and movement
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What does nervous tissue do? FX
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Transmit information Controls (muscles, glands, internal org) 10% neurons - primary nerve cell 90% glial cells (support cells)
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Epithelial Proper makes up
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Skiln and Internal cavities connected to the skin
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Endothelial Does what?
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Lines blood vessels and makes up lymph system *Simple squamous shape lines blood vessels to provide smooth surface for ease of blood flow. *cubodial shape make sup lymph nodes since it's shape allows secretion
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Stratified
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5 Types of Epithelial Tissue
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Ciliated Squamous Cubodial Columnar Stratified
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Toward the back of the body
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Posterior or Dorsal (4 legged animals)
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Toward the back
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posterior
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Toward the head
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Rostal
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away from the head
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Caudal
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Toward the head and further from the feet than any other part.
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Superior Jack Black's head is superior to Jack Black's stomach
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Situated below or closer to the feet than another part
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Inferior Kenny's feet are inferior to Kenny's knees
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Relating to or located near or on the surface
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Superficial/External Madonna's Lips are superficial to madonna's teeth
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Internal Within the body or one of it's parts
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Deep Internal Thinker's Brain ... deep to Thinker's Skull
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Lying or extending toward the middle of the body related to some other body part.
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Medial Brad's nose is medial to Brad's right eye
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Lying away from the middle of the body related to something else-- from the side
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Lateral Lateral view of Yoda's face
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Of or relating to the brain and spinal cord
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Central
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Near the surface, or relating to the part of the nervous system ouside the brain and spinal cord. After a neve exits the spinal cord (bony structure )it becomes a part of this system
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peripheral
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Includes head, vertebral column, sternum and ribs and HYOID (under chin)
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Axial skeleton
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What does the Axial Skeleton include?
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Head, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs
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Including Shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, arms and legs
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Appendicular Skeleton
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What does the Appendicular Skeleton include?
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What are "Planes of Reference?"
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Anatomists cut the body in different sections. this is the way they name the type of cut they made so you will know what you are looking at. frontal saggital transverse
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What do anatomists call the sections or the type of cut they make on the body?
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Planes of Reference
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When teh body or structure is divided into front and back...
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Frontal/Coronal Plane
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Plane of Body divided into front/back
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Frontal/Coronal Plane
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What is sagittal plane?
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Cut left and right side (down the middle) Think sit-ups arrow saggitarious
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What plane is divided into top and bottom?
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Transverse/Horizontal Plane
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What are 4 elements of cells?
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Basic unit of the body 100 trillion Some die off and are replaced (skin) Others are not replaceable (brain cells/neuron)
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Basic Cell Structure
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Nucleus: DNA Organelles: Housekeeping carry out special processes (generate energy, protein synthesis, etc...) Cell Membrane: Container controls contents of cellular fluid-- High water content inside and outside a cell
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cells that clump together with similar function is...
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tissue
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Second dummy question
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Second dummy answer
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Third dummy question
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Third dummy answer
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