Anatomy Ch 6 Cartilage And Bone

Front 1

What are the cells that produce cartilage matrix?

Back 1

chondroblasts

Front 2

What are the cells that are surrounded by the matrix? What do they live in?

Back 2

chondrocytes
lacunae

Front 3

What are the three types of cartilage?

Back 3

hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage

Front 4

What are the functions of caritlage?

Back 4

Support soft tissue
articulation
precursor model for bone growth

Front 5

What are the two patterns of cartilage growth? What does each mean?

Back 5

interstitial - growth from within
appositional - growth along the outside edge

Front 6

Which cartilage growth pattern involves chondroblasts?

Back 6

appositional

Front 7

Which cartilage growth pattern involves chondrocytes?

Back 7

interstitial

Front 8

What are the functions of bone?

Back 8

support
protection
movement
hemopoiesis - blood cell formation
storage

Front 9

What are the two types of bone CT?

Back 9

compact (dense) bone
spongy (trabeculae) bone

Front 10

What are the classifications of bones?

Back 10

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones

Front 11

What is term for the spongy bone inbetween layers of compact bone in flat boes?

Back 11

diploe

Front 12

What is the elongated, shaft of long bone called?

Back 12

diaphysis

Front 13

What are the enlarged knobby regions at the ends of long bones called?

Back 13

epiphyses

Front 14

What is the function of epiphyses?

Back 14

strengthen joints
attachment for tendons and ligaments

Front 15

What is between the diaphysis and epiphyses?

Back 15

metaphysis

Front 16

Another term for growth plate

Back 16

epiphsial plate

Front 17

What is articular cartilage, and what is it's purpose?

Back 17

thin layer of hyaline cartilage on the epiphysis
reduce friction between articulating bones

Front 18

What is the thin cartilage on the epiphysis made of and called?

Back 18

hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage

Front 19

What is the space in the diaphysis called

Back 19

medullary/marrow cavity

Front 20

Where is bone marrow contained?

Back 20

medullary/marrow cavity

Front 21

What are the two bone coverings called?

Back 21

periosteum
endosteum

Front 22

What covers the external surfaces of bone?

Back 22

periosteum

Front 23

What covers the internal surfaces of bone?

Back 23

endosteum

Front 24

What is the purpose of periosteum?

Back 24

acts as anchor for blood vessels and nerves

Front 25

What anchors periosteum to the bone matrix?

Back 25

perforating fibers

Front 26

-blasts

Back 26

produce

Front 27

-cyte

Back 27

cell

Front 28

____ are formed from osteoprogenitor cells.

Back 28

osteoblasts

Front 29

____ are formed from osteoblasts.

Back 29

osteocytes

Front 30

____ are stem cells derived from mesenchyme

Back 30

osteprogenitor

Front 31

____ cells are large multinucleate cells that dissolve bone. What does this process release?

Back 31

osteoclasts
Ca++

Front 32

____ of the bone matrix is organic components, while ____ is inorganic.

Back 32

1/3
2/3

Front 33

____ of the bone matrix is inorganic components, while ____ is organic.

Back 33

2/3
1/3

Front 34

What are the bone salt crystals called?

Back 34

hydroxyapatite

Front 35

What is the purpose of and what are hydroxyapitites made of?

Back 35

compressional strength
calcium, phosphate, and hydroxide

Front 36

Which component of bone matrix gives it it's tensile strength by resisting stretching and twisting, and what are the components?

Back 36

organic
cells, collagen, ground substance

Front 37

Which part of bones have the greatest compression and tension on them.

Back 37

external surfaces

Front 38

What are the cylindrical structures that run parallel to the shaft of a bone? What is the system called

Back 38

osteon
Haversion

Front 39

What are the canals of osteon?

Back 39

central - down middle
perforating - perpendicular
canaliculi - between lacunae

Front 40

What are the rings of bone around the central canal?

Back 40

concentric lamellae

Front 41

What is along the endostium and periostium?

Back 41

circumferential lamallae

Front 42

What are the pieces that aren't round within the osteum?

Back 42

interstitial lamallae

Front 43

What is the formation and development of bone?

Back 43

ossification

Front 44

What week of embrionic development soes ossification begin?

Back 44

8th

Front 45

What are the two patterns of ossification?

Back 45

intramembranous
endochondral

Front 46

What ossification pattern produces flat bones of the skull, some facial bones, the mandible, and central part of clavical?

Back 46

intremembranous

Front 47

What does endochondral ossification begins with?

Back 47

hyaline cartilage

Front 48

When is bone growth complete?

Back 48

When the epiphysis plate ossifies and forms and epiphysis line

Front 49

At what age does epiphysis plate ossification occer

Back 49

10-25 years depending on the bone

Front 50

Where does primary ossification occur?

Back 50

diaphysis

Front 51

Where does secondary ossification occur?

Back 51

epiphysis

Front 52

Growth in length is called____.

Back 52

interstitial

Front 53

Grwoth in width is called ____.

Back 53

appostitial

Front 54

Bone deposition involves what bone cell type?

Back 54

osteoblasts

Front 55

Bone resorption invovles what bone cell type?

Back 55

osteoclasts

Front 56

What are the three arteries and veins in bones and where are they located?

Back 56

Nutrient - diaphysis
Epiphyseal - epiphysis plate
Metaphyseal - between epiphysis and diaphysis

Front 57

What is osteoporosis?

Back 57

when bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposition

Front 58

What are the steps of bone repair?

Back 58

A fracture hematoma forms
A fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus forms
A hard (bony) callus forms
The bone is remodeled