Anatomy Ch 4 Tissue (Connective, Muscle, Nervous Tissues)

Front 1

6 examples of connective tissue

Back 1

tendons
ligament
body fat
bones
cartilage
blood

Front 2

What are the structural components of all connective tissue?

Back 2

cells
protein fibers
ground substance

Front 3

elastic fibers, collagen, and reticular fibers make up what structural component of CT?

Back 3

protein fibers

Front 4

a mixture of proteins and carbohydrates with salts make up what structural component of CT?

Back 4

ground substance

Front 5

What comprise the extracellular matrix? They are produced by the CT____.

Back 5

protein fibers
ground substance
cells

Front 6

What are the three broad categories of CT?

Back 6

CT proper
Supporting CT
Fluid CT

Front 7

What are the two cell types of CT proper?

Back 7

resident - always present
wandering - may or may not be present

Front 8

What are the three general type of protein fibers of CT proper?

Back 8

Callogen
Elastic
Reticular

Front 9

Characteristics of callogen fibers

Back 9

long, unbranching, strong, flexible, resist stretching, 25% of all protein in body

Front 10

Characteristics of elastic fibers

Back 10

thin, stretch easily, branching, allow blood vessels to stretch and relax

Front 11

Characteristics of reticular fibers

Back 11

thin, meshlike, found in organs with lots of space, act as packing material

Front 12

Two broad categories of CT proper

Back 12

Loose CT
Dense CT

Front 13

Which CT has fewer protein fibers and more ground substance?

Back 13

Loose CT

Front 14

Whcih CT has more protein fibers and less ground substance?

Back 14

Dense CT

Front 15

3 types of loose CT

Back 15

areolar CT
adipose T
reticular CT

Front 16

3 types of dense CT

Back 16

dense regular
dense irregular
elastic

Front 17

Structure, function and location of areolar CT. Example

Back 17

-vascular, gel like
-surrounds and protects tissues and organs, holds tissue fluid, packages nerve and blood vessels
-everywhere
-white blood cells

Front 18

Structure, function and location of adipose tissue. Example.

Back 18

-gel-like matrix, nucleus pushed to one side by fat droplet
-store energy, insulation, support and protect organs
-under skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, in abdomen and breasts
-fat

Front 19

Structure, function and location of reticular CT. Example

Back 19

-network of reticular fibers in loos ground substance
- form a soft internal skeleton (stroma)
-lymphoid organs
-lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen

Front 20

Structure, function and location of dense regular CT.

Back 20

-neatly arranged, poorly vascularized
-attach muscle to bone and bone to bone, withstands great stress in one direction
-tendons, ligaments, fascia around muscles

Front 21

Structure, function and location of dense irregular CT.

Back 21

-no pattern
-withstand tension/stress, structural strength
-dermis of skin, around muscle and organs, fibrous capsules of joints and organs

Front 22

Which CT is primarily parallel collagen fibers?

Back 22

dense regular CT

Front 23

Which CT is primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers?

Back 23

dense irregular CT

Front 24

Two types of supporting CT

Back 24

cartilage
bone

Front 25

Which supporting CT is avascular

Back 25

cartilage

Front 26

What are the cells of cartilage called

Back 26

chondrocytes

Front 27

What are the small spaces occupied by chondracytes called?

Back 27

lacuane

Front 28

Three type of cartilage

Back 28

hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic

Front 29

Which type of cartilage is the weakest?

Back 29

hyaline

Front 30

Which cartilage is found at the ends of bones that articulate with each other?

Back 30

hyaline

Front 31

Which cartilage is found in the trachea, larynx, and nose?

Back 31

hyaline

Front 32

Which cartilage is a shock absorber, and wher can it be found?

Back 32

fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs
pubic symphysis
minisci of knee

Front 33

What contributes to fibrocartilage's durability?

Back 33

densly interwoven collagen fibers

Front 34

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Back 34

epiglottis
external ear

Front 35

What are bone cells called?

Back 35

osteocyte

Front 36

What is fluid connective tissue comprised of?

Back 36

plasma watery ground substance containing protein fibers
erythrocytes - red blood cell
leukocytes - white blood cell
platelets - blood cell fragments

Front 37

4 types of membranes

Back 37

mucous
serous
cutaneous
synovial membrane

Front 38

What membrane is simple squamous epithelium lying on loose connective tissue?

Back 38

serous membrane

Front 39

3 types of muscle tissue

Back 39

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

Front 40

Muscle cells are called ____

Back 40

fibers

Front 41

List muscle cells in order from longest to shortest.

Back 41

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Front 42

Which muscle's function is to move food, blood and sperm, and where is it located?

Back 42

smooth
walls of most organs

Front 43

Which muscle's function is to move blood into circulatory system and where is it located?

Back 43

cardiac
heart wall

Front 44

Which musles are striated

Back 44

skeletal and cardiac

Front 45

Which musltes move involuntarily?

Back 45

cardiac
smooth

Front 46

What are the gap junctions in cardiac muscle called and what are there function?

Back 46

intercalated discs
rapids passage of electrical current from cell to cell

Front 47

Which muscles move voluntarily?

Back 47

skeletal

Front 48

List muscle type in order of least nuclei to most

Back 48

smooth - 1
cardiac - 1-2
skeletal - multinucleated

Front 49

Smooth muscle structure is ____ meaning it is ____

Back 49

fusiform
tapered at ends wide at middle

Front 50

Dendrites deal with _____ signals, while axons deal with ____ signals.

Back 50

incoming
outgoing

Front 51

Which nerve cell is longer which is shorter?

Back 51

dendrite - shorter
axon - longer

Front 52

What are the supporting cells of nervous tissue?

Back 52

glial cells

Front 53

What is the term for when epithelium adapts or changes to environmental conditions.

Back 53

metaplasia

Front 54

An increase in the size of existing cells is called ____

Back 54

hypertrophy

Front 55

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue is called ____.

Back 55

hyperplasia

Front 56

Out of control growth of tissue, which forms a tumor is called ____

Back 56

neoplasia

Front 57

A decrease in the size or number of tissue is called ____.

Back 57

atrophy