Anatomy - Bone Shapes And Markings

Front 1

Shapes of Bones

Long Bones

Back 1

"Long and slender"

Example: humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula

Front 2

Shapes of Bones

Flat Bones

Back 2

"spongy bone sandwich"; thin, roughly parallel surface of compact bone

Example: skull, sternum, ribs, scapula

Front 3

Shapes of Bones

Sutural Bones

Back 3

Small, flat oddly shaped bones (rare)

Example: flat bones of the skull in suture line

Front 4

Shapes of Bones

Irregular Bones

Back 4

Short, flat, notched or ridged with complex shape

Example: vertebrae, bones of the skull

Front 5

Shapes of Bones

Short Bones

Back 5

"Boxlike" in appearance; compact and spongy bone

Example: carpal (wrist) and tarsal (ankle) bones

Front 6

Shapes of Bones

Sesamoid Bones

Back 6

Small, round, flat, develop inside tendons near joints

Example: patella

Front 7

Bone Markings - Elevations and Projections

Process

Back 7

Any projection or bump

Example: cheekbone

Front 8

Bone Markings - Elevations and Projections

Ramus

Back 8

An extension of a bone making an angle to the rest of the structure

Example: mandible

Front 9

Bone Markings - Processes Where Tendons or Ligaments Attach

Trochanter

Back 9

A large, rough projection

Example: top epiphyses of long bones, opposite of head

Front 10

Bone Markings - Processes Where Tendons or Ligaments Attach

Tuberosity

Back 10

A rough projection

Example: small rough projection on diaphysis of femur

Front 11

Bone Markings - Processes Where Tendons or Ligaments Attach

Tubercle

Back 11

A small, rounded projection

Example: Bottom or top epiphyses of femur

Front 12

Bone Markings - Processes Where Tendons or Ligaments Attach

Crest

Back 12

A prominent ridge

Example: top of pelvic bone

Front 13

Bone Markings - Processes Where Tendons or Ligaments Attach

Line

Back 13

A low ridge

Example: lower line of the pelvis

Front 14

Bone Markings - Processes Where Tendons or Ligaments Attach

Spine

Back 14

A pointed process

Example: point of pelvis at end of crest

Front 15

Bone Markings - Processes Formed for Articulations

Head

Back 15

The expanded articular end of an epiphyses; often separated by a narrower neck

Example: epiphysis of femur that creates the hip joint

Front 16

Bone Markings - Processes Formed for Articulations

Neck

Back 16

A narrower connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Example: neck of femur behind head

Front 17

Bone Markings - Processes Formed for Articulations

Condyle

Back 17

A smooth, rounded articualr process

Example: entire bottom epiphyses of femur that creates knee joint

Front 18

Bone Markings - Processes Formed for Articulations

Trochlea

Back 18

A smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

Example: bottome grooves of epiphysis of femur that forms the knee joint

Front 19

Bone Markings - Processes Formed for Articulations

Facet

Back 19

A small, flat, articular surface

Example: opposite side of the trochlea on the condyle or epiphysis of femur

Front 20

Bone Markings - Depressions

Fossa

Back 20

A shallow depression

Example: Under side of epiphysis of femur, above trochlea

Front 21

Bone Markings - Depressions

Sulcus

Back 21

A narrow groove

Example: groove near head of femur between head and neck

Front 22

Bone Markings - Openings

Foramen

Back 22

A rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves

Example: canal near cheekbone

Front 23

Bone Markings - Openings

Fissure

Back 23

An elongated cleft

Example: canal in orbital for optic nerve

Front 24

Bone Markings - Openings

Meatus or Canal

Back 24

A passageway through the substance of a bone; often rough

Example: canal in midbrain region of the skull

Front 25

Bone Markings - Openings

Sinus or Antrum

Back 25

A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air

Example: nasal passages leading to sinus canals