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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The abdominal aorta begins at what plane? and bifurcates at about L?
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Transpyloric plane (approx half way between jugular notch and pubic symphesis) and bifurcates at about L4
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What are the first arteries coming off the aorta once it enters the abdomen?
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The inferior phrenic.
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In the abdomen, what are the equivalents to the intercostal vessels? How many are there typically? Where do they come off of the aorta?
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Lumbar arteries. Four. Typically off the posterior aspect of aorta
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What is the artery that is the last branch of the abdominal aorta (the small one going straight down?)
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The median sacral
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What are the three arteries going to the body wall?
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Inferior phrenic, lumbar arteries, median sacral.
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What are the three Urogential organ vessel branches of the aorta?
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Suprarenal, Renal, gonadal
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What are the three aa going into the suprarenal gland and what does each branch from.
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1. Superior suprarenal aa branching from the inferior phrenic
2. Middle suprarenal aa branching from the aorta 3. Inferior suprarenal aa branching from the renal aorta |
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What are the Midline branches of the aorta? What do these organs primarily supply?
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Celia trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric. These primarily supply the visceral organs.
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What are the three planes that the abdominal branches of aorta go to? (see 9:15 of 9/26 lecture
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1. Body Wall
2. UG Organs 3. Midline to Organs. |
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How does the R and L gonadal vv and aa differ in the way that they drain?
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The L and R gonadal aa leave from the aorta. The L gonadal v drains into the L renal artery whereas the R gonadal v drains into the IVF.
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Trace the path of the lumbar arteries.
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Goes from the aorta to lumbar arteries to veins to ascending lumbar vv (to hemiazygous of left) and to the azygous v on the right and into the IVF.
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Discuss the way prostate cancer can metastasis to the spine.
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Mets can travel through the ascending lumbar veins into tributaries of the vertebral bodies.
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Describe the sxs and how blood would backup if there was an obstruction of the SVC
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Brachialcephalic to Internal thoracic to superior epigastric to inferior epigastric to external iliac to common iliac to IVC to heart. Backup results in engorged vein on the skin.
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Name for top to bottom
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1. Axillary v
2. Lateral thoracic v 3. Thoracoepigastric v 4. superficial circumflex iliac v 5. superficial epigastric |
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Define portal system and name both of them.
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A portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed drains into another capillary bed through veins. The two are hypophyseal portal system and the hepatic portal system
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How would you distinguish between hepatic portal hypertension vs SVC obstruction?
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In hepatic portal vein hypertension, superficial veins would engorge from the umbilicus. In SVC hypertension, veins would engorge around the umbilicus.
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Track the vein branching starting from the HPV to the Superior Rectal vv. What does the superior rectal vv anastomose with?
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HPV to the inferior mesenteric v to the superior rectal v that anastomosis with the inferior and middle rectal vv.
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The superior, middle and inferior rectal vv drain into either the HPV or the IVC. Explain which of the three drain into those two
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Superior = HPV
Middle and Inferior = IVC |
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What are the four portocaval anastomoses?
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1. Esophageal
2. Paraumbilical 3. Rectal 4. Retroperitoneal |
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Name
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1. HPV
2. Splenic v 3. L gastro-omental v 4. IMV 5. SMV 6. R gastro-omental v |
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What is the definition of portocaval anastomoses
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a specific type of anastomosis that occurs between the veins of portal circulation and those of systemic circulation.
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Let's say a blockage exists at the portal v. How might this affect the esophagus (what is the clinical name for this)?
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Blood would back up from the HPV, to the L. gastric v to the stomach and distal part of the esophagus - then to the azygous system of v and finally to the SVC. Bc the veins are not meant to hold a lot of pressure, its possible that the esophagus v fail can pt bleeds out. Before exploding, they are called Esophageal Varices.
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Caput medusae is symptomatic of what?
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Paraumbilical anastomosis - where paraumbilical veins back up due to blockage of the HPV.
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How do hemorrhoids form?
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A portal v blockage causes the Inferior Mesenteric v to back up and causing pressure to increase in the superior rectal v. To alleviate this pressure, the middle and inferorior vv will try to shunt the blood back to the IVC - this increase in pressure in these delicate veins may cause the hemorrhoid.
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Trace the vv from the middle and inferior rectal vv
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Middle: internal iliac to common iliac to IVC
Inferior: internal pudendal to internal iliac to common iliac to IVC. |
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The veins that drain the body wall include:
1. superficial epigastric 2. thoracoabdominal 3. lumbar 4. superior and inferior epigastric 5. all of the above |
5
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The internal iliac is called what clinically?
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Hypogastric
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NAme
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1. Common Iliac a
2. external iliac 3. superior vesicle a 4. superior gluteal a 5. medial umbilical ligament 6. umbilical a 7. inferior gluteal a 8. internal pudendal a 9. inferior rectal a 10. Internal iliac |
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Name the POSTERIOR BRANCHES of the INTERNAL ILIAC
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1. Internal iliac
2. posterior iliac 3. anterior iliac 4. iliolumbar 5. lateral sacral br to lateral portions of sacrum 6. superior gluteal |
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Name Anterior Branch of Internal Iliac
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1. Anterior iliac
2. inferior gluteal 3. inferior vesicle of bladder 4. superior vesicle of bladder 5. umbilical a (top part of bladder) 6. obturator 7. middle rectal a |
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He said that the lecture notes are extremely high yield.
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good advice
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Somatic nerves innervate ? and most ?.
They are mainly involved in receiving and responding to information from the external environment. |
Somatic nerves innervate the skin and most muscles.
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