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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Bones and joints of pectoral girdle

2 bones: scapula and clavicle


4 joints: sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, glenohumeral

More than 80% of clavicle fractures occur in the ________ of the clavicle. Why?

Most fractures occur in the middle 1/3rd of clavicle because there is less muscle/tendon support --> weaker. Also, middle portion is more anterior than distal parts.

Inferior surface of clavicle


A: acromial facet (articular surface)


B: deltoid tubercle


C: impression for costoclavicular ligament


D: sternal end


E: subclavian groove


F: conoid tubercle


G: trapezoid line

Acromial facet- articular surface

Deltoid tubercle

Impression for costoclavicular ligament

Sternal end

Subclavian groove

Conoid tubercle

trapezoid line

Shaft

Sternal Facet (articular surface)



Impression of pectoralis major

Deltoid tubercle

The classic MOI for a clavicle fracture is _____

A fall on an outstretched arm.

After a clavicle fracture, the ________ muscle elevates the ________ fragment of bone.

After a clavicle fracture, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle elevates the medial fragment of bone

After a clavicle fracture, the weight of the upper limb forces the ________ to drop, because it's too much weight for the _______ muscle to hold alone.

After a clavicle fracture, the weight of the upper limb causes the shoulder to drop because its too much weight for the trapezius to hold alone

After a clavicle fracture, the ________ is pulled medially by the _______ ________ muscle.

The humerus is pulled medially by the pectoralis major.





Greater tuberosity

intertubercular groove

lesser tuberosity

A: head of humerus


B: anatomical neck


C: surgical neck

A: deltoid tuberosity


B: crest of lesser tuberosity


C: crest of greater tuberosity



Sternoclavicular joint involves which bones?

Sternal end of clavicle + manubrium of sternum

The SC joint is a _______ joint with an _____ disc made of ____________

The SC joint is a synovial joint with an articular disc made of fibrocartilage

Ligaments of the SC joint?

-interclavicular ligament
-anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
-costoclavicular ligament

-interclavicular ligament


-anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments


-costoclavicular ligament

A- anterior sternoclavicular ligament


B- interclavicular ligament


C- costoclavicular ligament

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint involves which two bones?

Acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula.

Ligaments of AC joint

Acromioclavicular ligament


Coracoclavicular ligament


- trapezoid + conoid ligament



A: acromioclavicular ligament


B: coracolavicular ligament


C: trapezoid ligament


D: conoid ligament

Shoulder separation is a problem of the ______________ joint.

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

T or F: the AC joint is strong

FALSE. The AC joint is relatively weak. Most of the support comes from the coracoclavicular ligaments.

After separation of the shoulder, weight of the arm displaces the _____ from the _____

Clavicle from the acromion

Scapulothoracic joint- description of "joint" and muscles involved

Not a true joint. The scapula glides on the smooth surface of CT between the serratus anterior and subscapularis muscles. 

Not a true joint. The scapula glides on the smooth surface of CT between the serratus anterior and subscapularis muscles.



Articulation of the glenohumeral (GH) joint

Head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

All back muscles, except for intrinsic back muscles, are innervated by _________

Anterior rami (or cranial nerves)


-

Superficial back muscles 

Superficial back muscles

Trapezius


Levator scapulae


Rhomboid - minor & major


Latissimus dorsi

Trapezius - origins, insertions, innervation

Trapezius - origins, insertions, innervation

Origins: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, and C7-T12 spinous processes




Insertions: Lateral clavicle, acromion, scapular spine




Innervated by accessory nerve (CN XI)

Levator scapulae - origins, insertions, innervation

Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4




Inserts into medial border of scapula, above spine (superior angle)




Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve, C5

Rhomboid major & minor - origins, insertions and innervation

Origin: r. major from T2-T5


R. minor from C7-T1




Inserts on medial border of scapula




Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve, C5




Retracting and downward rotation of scapula

Latissimus dorsi 

Latissimus dorsi

Origin: inferior angle of scapula, thoracolumbar fascia (T6-sacrum), iliac crest and last 3-4 ribs




Inserts into intertubercular groove of humerus




Innervated by thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)




extension of humerus, adduction, internal rotation

Other "scapula muscles"

Serratus anterior


Deltoid


Teres major


Pectoralis minor


4 rotator cuff muscles


Function to move humerus

Serratus anterior

Serratus anterior

Not really a back muscle, but is a primary mover for scapula

Origins: ribs 1-9


Attachment: medial border of scapula


Innervated by long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

Scapulohumeral rhythm - once the humerus is beyond ____ degrees, the scapula will rotate approx ___ degrees for every 2 degrees of humeral abduction

Once the humerus is beyond 30 degrees, the scapula will rotate approx 1 degree for every 2 degrees of humeral abduction

Intermediate back muscles- names and innervation

Intermediate back muscles- names and innervation

Innervated by segmental anterior rami of spinal nerves


Serratus posterior superior


Serratus posterior inferior

Serratus posterior superior - attachments and function

Nuchal ligament and C7-T3 --> ribs 2-4


Elevates upper ribs

Serratus posterior inferior- attachments and function

Origin- T11-L2


Insertion- ribs 8-12


Depresses lower ribs