Anatomy: Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

The ANS is involved with control of ____

Back 1

viseceral processes of organs

Front 2

The goal of the ANS is to maintain ____

Back 2

Homestasis

Front 3

The ANS has ____ and ____ components

Back 3

Senosry (Afferent) and motor (efferent)

Front 4

The 3 components of the ANS:

Back 4

Symathetic, parasympathetic and enteric

Front 5

The Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system reside in

Back 5

The CNS and PNS

Front 6

The enterric nervous system resides in:

Back 6

Walls of most of the digestive tract and accesory organs of the GI

Front 7

The two categories of visceral sensory receptors include:

Back 7

Nocioreceptiors and physiological receptors

Front 8

Nocioreceptors respond to

Back 8

Damaged tissue or or conditions that have the potential to damage tissue

Front 9

Stimulation from nocioreceptors i perceived as ___

Back 9

visceral pain

Front 10

What is referred pain?

Back 10

Pain that is perecived to arise from a somatic area; senoesry and autonomic nerves enter the same level and "cross signals"

Front 11

Example of referred pain

Back 11

cardiac pain radiating to left arm

Front 12

Charecteristics of visceral pain

Back 12

Dull; difficult to localize

Front 13

Visceral pain sensations are carried by ___ nerve fibers in the ____ portion of ANS

Back 13

afferent; sympathetic

Front 14

Physiologic receptors respond to ______ stimuli

Back 14

harmless

Front 15

Sensations from physiologic receptirs are carried by _____

Back 15

afferent nerve fibers in the parasympathetic portion of ANS

Front 16

Examples of physiologic receptors include:

Back 16

chemoreceptirs, mechanoreceptors and baroreceptors

Front 17

Chemoreceptirs respond to changes in : ______

Back 17

chemical composition

Front 18

Example of chemoreceptiors

Back 18

Receptirs that monitor oxygen and carbon dioxide in blodd- carotid and aortic bodies

Front 19

Reduction of oxygen and increasein CO2 stimulate

Back 19

reflex increase in pulmonary ventilation

Front 20

Mechanoreceptors respond to

Back 20

stretch, tension and pressure within the walls of the organs

Front 21

Example of mechanoreceptor

Back 21

lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (refelx reaction so that food can enter the stomach)

Front 22

Barcorecptors respond to ____ and are located with the ______

Back 22

Stretch in arterial walls; carotid sinus and aortic arch

Front 23

Baroreceptors monitor changes in ____

Back 23

arterial blood pressue

Front 24

Reduction of arterial pressure (i.e. stretching of the arteries) elicits an _____

Back 24

increase in cardiac output and heart rate

Front 25

Physiologic receptors monitor visceral functions via ______

Back 25

Efferent motor limb of the ANS

Front 26

The target cells for the efferent nerve fibers of the ANS include:

Back 26

Vascular muscle cells (smooth and non smooth); cardiac muscle cells; Epithelial secretory; gastrointestinal endocrine

Front 27

Two major networks of the enterric system

Back 27

myernteric and submucosal plexus

Front 28

What kinds of neurons/cells does the enterric nervous system contain?

Back 28

Motor neurons, sensory neurons, interneourons and glia

Front 29

What does the enterric nervous system control?

Back 29

gastric motility (perstalsis and chyme churning); scretion and absorption, blood flow, sphincter regulation

Front 30

What provides from communication between the enterric nervous system and teh CNS?

Back 30

Parasympathetic and sympathetic portions of ANS

Front 31

The PS and Sympathetic nervous system interact with ______ systems of the body

Back 31

all major visceral systems

Front 32

The _______ nervous system is concerned with anabolic activities concerned with conservation of energy

Back 32

parasympathetic

Front 33

The _______ nervous system deals with stressful situations that require high levels of energy

Back 33

symathetic

Front 34

What is the basal rate of activity of PS and S nervous system known as?

Back 34

Parasympathetic tone and sympathetic tone

Front 35

True or false: Most organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

Back 35

True

Front 36

An example of an organ with dual innervation is the _____

Back 36

heart

Front 37

Stimulation of parasympathetic system in the heart causes ______

Back 37

a reduction in the number of heart contractions per minute

Front 38

Stimulation of the sympathetic system in the heart causes

Back 38

an increase in the number of heart contractions per minute

Front 39

Blood vasculature in skeletal muscles ONLY receives ____ innervation

Back 39

sympathetic

Front 40

How many components controle the coonstriction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterioles?

Back 40

1 - sympathetic of ANS

Front 41

If degree of sympathetic stimulation increases blood vessels ______

Back 41

constrict (blood flow is reduced)

Front 42

If degree of sympathmetic stimulation decreases blood vessels _____

Back 42

relax

Front 43

Somatic refers to areas composed of _______

Back 43

skeltal muscles, bones and skin

Front 44

Where does the sympathetic area innervate?

Back 44

smooth muscle of the vasculatur, secretory cells of sweat glands, arrector pili of hair muscles

Front 45

The parasympatheic system has/does not havet somatic distribution

Back 45

Does not have

Front 46

Viscera of the _____ receive both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation

Back 46

thoraic, abdominal, pelvic and perineum

Front 47

Select structure sof the head such as eyes and salivary glands receive _________ innervation

Back 47

parasympathetic and sympathetic

Front 48

Vasculature, sweat glands and arrector pili of the somatic structures in the head receive _____ innervation

Back 48

sympathetic

Front 49

PS and S neurons are ____ polar with cell bodies located ______

Back 49

pseudounipolar; outside of the CNS

Front 50

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic portion located?

Back 50

DRG of some spinal nerves - NO cranial nerves have a sympathetic component to them

Front 51

Where are sensory nerve cell bodies of parasympathetic system located?

Back 51

In DRG of some spainal nerves but also sensory ganglia associated with some cranioal nerves

Front 52

Which CN is the main source of parasympathetic innervation to the body?

Back 52

CN X; vagus nerve

Front 53

Afferent nerve fibers are also known as _____ fibers

Back 53

Sensory

Front 54

Efferent nerve fibers are also known as ___ fibers

Back 54

Motor

Front 55

In the PNS and S nervous system sensory fibers follow what course?

Back 55

The same as visceral effernt fibers of teh corresponding system

Front 56

How many neuron chain is involevd on the motor component of the PNS and Sympathetic system?

Back 56

2 (two neuron chain)

Front 57

The first neuron is called the _______ neuron and is located _______

Back 57

preganglionic neuron; in the CNS

Front 58

Preganglionic axon is myelinated and appeares _____

Back 58

white

Front 59

The second neuron in the chain is a ______ neuron and is located ________

Back 59

postganglionic neuron; in the PNS in a ganglion

Front 60

The postganglionic axon is unmyleinated and appears ____

Back 60

grey

Front 61

There is an amplification of the efferent system: A preganglionic axon can synpase on ___ to ____ postganglionic nerve cell bodies

Back 61

2 to 20

Front 62

The parasympathetic nervous system is also referred to as

Back 62

"craniosacral"

Front 63

Where are PS nerve cell ganglion located?

Back 63

Brainstem motor nuclei of certain cranial nerves or DRG of S2 through S4 portion of the spinal cord

Front 64

Which spinal nerves have a parasympathetic component to them?

Back 64

III, VII, IX and X

Front 65

Where are most parasympathetic nerve fibers dervied from?

Back 65

Vagus nerve

Front 66

Where are PS postganglionic nerve cell bodies located?

Back 66

Within or immediately adjactent to the walls of an organ

Front 67

In the digestive system some PNS postganglionic cells bodies reside amoing and are integrated into the _____ system

Back 67

enterric

Front 68

Preganglionic PNS axons tend to be long/short in comaprison with postganglionic PNS axons

Back 68

long

Front 69

The sympathetic nervous system is also referred to as the ______ portion of the ANS

Back 69

thoracocolumbar

Front 70

The preganglionic nerve cell bodies of the sympathetic NS are located in _______ levels of the spnial cord

Back 70

T1-L3

Front 71

Sensory nerve cell bodies of the sympathetic system are located in DRG of _____ nerves

Back 71

T1-L3

Front 72

Differences between the postganglionic nerve bodies of the sympathetic vs. parasymapthetic system

Back 72

Larger in size; able to be seen in dissection; sites of clinical interventions; preganglionic axons are short where postganglionic are long

Front 73

Sympathetic postganglionic ganglia can be divided into two populations:

Back 73

Sympathtic trunks and preveterbrial ganglia

Front 74

What is a sympathetic trunk (paraveterbral ganglion)?

Back 74

Two vertical chains of ganglia and interconnecting axons that run parallel on each side of the vertebral column

Front 75

Where are sympathetic trunks located?

Back 75

They span all regfions in the trunk of the body (cervical, lumbar, sacral, thoracic)

Front 76

How are trunks named?

Back 76

By their region

Front 77

How many sympathetic ganglia are there per trunk?

Back 77

25

Front 78

Ganglia in sympathetic trunks are connected by ______

Back 78

bundles of nerve axons

Front 79

Compare prevetebral and paraveterbral ganglion

Back 79

Paraveterbral are are fewer in number some are larger in size

Front 80

Where are preveterbal ganglia found?

Back 80

Limited to the abdominal cavity, anterior to the vertebral column, adjacent to origins of major arterial branches of the abdominal aorta

Front 81

How are prevertebral ganglion names?

Back 81

for the arterial branch of the aorta where they originate

Front 82

Preganglionic sympathetic axons exit the vertebral column as part of the ____ roots in the _____ spinal nerves

Back 82

anterior roots; T1 to L3

Front 83

What is a white rami comunicante?

Back 83

Preganglionic axon branches of spnial nerves

Front 84

What is a gray rami comunicantes?

Back 84

Bundles of postganglionic axons going bacj to into T1-L3 spnial nerves

Front 85

How are prevertebral ganglion names?

Back 85

for the arterial branch of the aorta where they originate

Front 86

Preganglionic sympathetic axons exit the vertebral column as part of the ____ roots in the _____ spinal nerves

Back 86

anterior roots; T1 to L3

Front 87

What is a white rami comunicante?

Back 87

Preganglionic axon branches of spnial nerves

Front 88

What is a gray rami comunicantes?

Back 88

Bundles of postganglionic axons going bacj to into T1-L3 spnial nerves

Front 89

Some of the preganglionic neurons ____ or ______ to reach postganglionic neurons ____ and ___ T1 and L3 levels

Back 89

ascend; decsend; above; below

Front 90

Much of the head recieves somatic innervation from ____

Back 90

cranial nerves

Front 91

The sympathetic trunks are/are not connected to the cranial nerves

Back 91

are not; so there are no neuronal pathways that can be used

Front 92

Where do superior cervical ganglia arise?

Back 92

High up in the base of the skull

Front 93

Describe distribution via periarterial nerve plexus

Back 93

Postganglionic axons in superior cervical ganglia jump out onto uter surface of carotid arteries and distribute arterial branches to branches of the head

Front 94

Innervation of visecra in the head (eye and salivary glands) uses ______ system above

Back 94

Periarterial

Front 95

Postganglionic axons exit cervical and upper thoracic ganglia and descend the thorax and prject into ____ and _____ plexuses

Back 95

cardiac and pulmonary

Front 96

The postganglionic axons join up with preganglionic axons of vagus nerve via a _________ or by coursing along the bronhcial tree and innervate the cells of the heart and lungs

Back 96

perarterial nerve plexus

Front 97

Preganglionic input to the cells of these cervicial and upper thoracic ganglia are dervied from _____

Back 97

T1 to T5 levels of the spinal vord

Front 98

What is a splanchic nerve?

Back 98

Preganglionic axons that arise from cell bodies in T5-L3 that exit the sympathetic trunks without having synaposed on any postganglionic neurons

Front 99

Splanchic nerves than course to ______ ganglia, providing the ganglia with a source of preganglionic axon innervation

Back 99

prevertebrial

Front 100

The postganglionc axons then target abdominal and pelvic viscera thorough a ______

Back 100

periarterial nerve plexus

Front 101

Activities of the AS and its goal of homestastis are/are not achieved independntly of other components of the nervous system

Back 101

Are not