Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the best way to describe how epithelial tissues are arranged?
|
They are arranged in sheets
|
|
|
Which type of tissue has packed cells with little extracellular material?
|
Epithelial tissue
|
|
|
Which type of tissue has many cell junctions to attach the cells?
|
Epithelial tissue
|
|
|
What surfaces are attached to a basement membrane in epithelial tissue?
|
apical and basal surfaces
|
|
|
Epithelial tissue is avascular. What does this mean?
|
Epithelial tissues have no direct blood vessals
|
|
|
What type of junctions are present in epithelial tissue?
|
Hemidesmosomes
|
|
|
Do epithelial tissues have cilia or microvilli?
|
these tissues have cilia
|
|
|
What are the 2 subtypes of epithelial tissue?
|
1-Covering and lining epithelial
2-glandular lining |
|
|
Do epithelial tissues have nerve supply?
|
no
|
|
|
Define Lamina
|
The thin, flat layer in the topmost layer of the basement membrane of epithelial tissue
|
|
|
Define Reticular
|
The network of cells and fibers in the bottom most layer of the basement memberane of epithelial tissue
|
|
|
What are the 10 functions of Epithelial tissues?
|
1-Protection
2-Filtration 3-Lubrication 4-Secretion 5-Digestion 6-Absorption 7-Transportation 8-Excretion 9-Sensory receptor 10-Reproduction |
|
|
What are the three different shapes of epithelial tissue?
|
1-squamous
2-cuboidal 3-columnar |
|
|
What are the two different types of arrangements of epithelial tissues?
|
1-Simple
2-Stratified |
|
|
Define kerotin
|
Protein in the skin
|
|
|
What is the largest organ in the human body?
|
the skin
|
|
|
What is the function of cilia?
|
To move things through the body
|
|
|
What is the function of microvilli?
|
absorption
|
|
|
Define perotonium
|
The serous membrane that lines the gut area
|
|
|
Define Lumen
|
The inside tunnel in parts of the body
|
|
|
What is the best way to describe how epithelial tissues are arranged?
|
They are arranged in sheets
|
|
|
Which type of tissue has packed cells with little extracellular material?
|
Epithelial tissue
|
|
|
Which type of tissue has many cell junctions to attach the cells?
|
Epithelial tissue
|
|
|
What surfaces are attached to a basement membrane in epithelial tissue?
|
apical and basal surfaces
|
|
|
Epithelial tissue is avascular. What does this mean?
|
Epithelial tissues have no direct blood vessals
|
|
|
What type of junctions are present in epithelial tissue?
|
Hemidesmosomes
|
|
|
Do epithelial tissues have cilia or microvilli?
|
these tissues have cilia
|
|
|
What are the 2 subtypes of epithelial tissue?
|
1-Covering and lining epithelial
2-glandular lining |
|
|
Do epithelial tissues have nerve supply?
|
no
|
|
|
Define Lamina
|
The thin, flat layer in the topmost layer of the basement memberane of epithelial tissue
|
|
|
Define goblet cells
|
Cells found in colmunar epithelial tissues that carry mucous.
|
|
|
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the vagina?
|
Stratified squamous
|
|
|
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the skin?
|
keratinized stratified squamous
|
|
|
Where would you find transitional epithelium?
|
In places where there is much stretching going on; bladder, stomach, lungs.
|
|
|
What type of junctions does the urinary bladder have?
|
tight junctions
|
|
|
Describe what pseudostratified looks like
|
It's not stratified but looks stratified and has cilia
|
|
|
What is the function of glandular epithelium?
|
Secretion
|
|
|
What are the two kinds of glandular epithelium?
|
1-Endocrine
2-Exocrine |
|
|
Define Gland
|
A single cell or group of cells that secrete substances into ducts, onto a surface, or into blood
|
|
|
Which glands have ducts?
|
Exocrine
|
|
|
Which glands do not have ducts?
|
Endocrine glands
|
|
|
What are included in the endocrine glands?
|
pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, reproductive glands
|
|
|
What are included in the exocrine glands?
|
salivary, sweat, apocrine glands
|
|
|
Which type of glands affect only the targets with receptors for secretion?
|
Endocrine glands
|
|
|
What is the most important unicellular exocrine cell?
|
Goblet cell
|
|
|
Where do multicellular exocrine glands secrete their products?
|
In ducts
|
|
|
Where do exocrine ducts empty?
|
Onto surface of covering and lining epithelium
|
|
|
What are most exocrine glands?
|
Merocrine
|
|
|
Where can you find merocrine glands?
|
in the salivary glands
|
|
|
Where do you find apocrine glands
|
in sweat glands and in the breast (in the form of milk)
|
|
|
Define holocrine glands
|
Glands that accumulate secretory products in their cytoplasm; when the cell ruptures it becomes the secretory product
|
|
|
Give an example of a holocrine gland
|
Sebaceous (in skin)
|
|
|
What is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue?
|
Connective tissue
|
|
|
Which type of tissue is the major site of immune responses and energy?
|
Connective tissue
|
|
|
Which type of tissue is blood?
|
Connective tissue
|
|
|
which tissue binds, supports, and strengthens other tissues?
|
Connective tissue
|
|
|
Which tissue protects and insulates internal organs?
|
Connective tissue
|
|
|
What is the purpose of the matrix in connective tissue?
|
To fill wide spaces between cells
|
|
|
Define Collagen
|
Strong and resilient but not stiff.
|
|
|
Define Elastic
|
smaller than collagen, strong, contains elastin.
|
|
|
Define Reticular Fibers
|
Consists of collagen, thin and branching protein fibers that provide strength and support. Found in reticular tissue.
|
|
|
What are GAGs?
|
Glycosamino glycans.
|
|
|
Which type of protein fiber is in embryonic connective tissue: mesenchyme?
|
Reticular fiber
|
|
|
Which type of protein fiber is in embryonic connective tissue: Mucous?
|
Collagen and Fibroblasts
|
|
|
Which type of protein fiber is in loose connective tissue areolar?
|
mast cell, collagen, and elastic fibers
|
|
|
Which type of protein fiber is in loose connective tissue Adipose?
|
Fat cells
|
|
|
Which type of protein fiber is in loose connective tissue Reticular?
|
Reticular fiber
|
|
|
Which proteins are present in dense connective tissue Regular(parallel)?
|
Collagen, fibroblasts
|
|
|
Which protein fiber is in dense connective tissue elastic?
|
Fibroblast
|
|
|
Where in the body can you find hyaline cartilage?
|
ears, nose, fetal bone.
|
|
|
Which specific cells is found in hyaline cartilage?
|
Chondrocyte
|
|
|
Where can you find fibrocartilage in the body?
|
patella
|
|
|
Where in the body do you find elastic cartilage?
|
ears
|
|
|
what kind of matrix does bone have?
|
calcified matrix
|
|
|
What type of cell is in bone?
|
Osteocyte
|
|
|
what type of matrix does the blood have?
|
Plasma matrix
|
|
|
What are the 2 main parts of the skin?
|
1-Epidermis
2-Dermis |
|
|
Define subcutaneous
|
Below skin and deep to dermis
|
|
|
What is another name for Subcutaneous?
|
Hypodermis
|
|
|
What are the three layers of the skin?
|
1-Epidermis
2-Dermis 3-Hyposdermis |
|
|
What are the two Papilla structures?
|
1-Hair papilla
2-Dermal papilla |
|
|
What are the 4 principle cells?
|
1-Keratinocytes
2-Melanocytes 3-Langerhans cells 4-Merkel cells |
|
|
What are the functions of keratinocytes?
|
To produce keratin; protection, homeostasis, and wound healing
|
|
|
What is the main function of malanocytes?
|
Responsible for skin pigmentation
|
|
|
What is the main function of langerhans cells?
|
To regulate immune responses
|
|
|
What is the main function of Merkel cells?
|
to be used as mechanoreceptors (to respond to pressure and vibrations)
|
|
|
What are the five layers of thick epidermis, starting from the most superficial?
|
1-Stratum Corneum
2-Stratum Lucidum 3-Stratum Granulosum 4-Stratum Spinosum 5-Stratum Basale |
|
|
Which layer in the epidermis is composed of dead keratinocytes?
|
Stratum Corneum
|
|
|
Which layer is absent in skin that is hairy?
|
Stratum Lucidum
|
|
|
How long does keratinization take?
|
about 4 weeks
|
|
|
How does keratinization happen?
|
New cells form in the basale and push toward surface
|
|
|
Define Apoptosis
|
Programmed cell death
|
|
|
What does EGF stand for?
|
Epidermal Growth Factor
|
|
|
What is EGF?
|
A growth hormone
|
|
|
What is the job of fibroblasts?
|
To produce and secrete fibers
|
|
|
What does the connective tissue in the dermis contain?
|
Collagen, elastic fibers, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages
|
|
|
What does the dermis contain that is not in the connective tissue?
|
Blood vessals, nerves, hair follicles, and glands
|
|
|
What 2 regions is the dermis divided into?
|
1-Pillary
2-Reticular |
|
|
Which is most superficial, pillary or reticular?
|
pillary
|
|
|
What is the anatomical name for finger pronts?
|
epidermal ridges
|
|
|
Define Dermatoglyphics
|
The study of ridges
|
|
|
What are the three pigments associated with skin color?
|
1-Melanin
2-Carotene 3-hemoglobin |
|
|
What is Melanin's role in skin color?
|
The amount of it present determines the varying from pale yellow to tan to black
|
|
|
What is Carotene's role in skin color?
|
Produces yellow to orange pigment. and it is a precursor to vitamin A
|
|
|
What is hemoglobin's role in skin color?
|
It determines pink to reddness based on the amount of oxygen and blood cells moving into the dermis
|
|
|
Where on the body is thin skin and what is characteristic about it?
|
Covers all parts exccept for palms, soles, and lips.It also has hair.
|
|
|
Where on the body is thick skin and what is characteristic about it?
|
covers palms, soles, and lips. It is hairless.
|
|
|
What is hair composed of?
|
Dead keratinized cells
|
|
|
What is the superficial portion of the hair called?
|
The hair shaft
|
|
|
What three layers do the shaft and root contain (from inside to outside)?
|
1-Medulla
2-Cortex 3-Cuticle |
|
|
What are the two layers of the hair follicle?
|
1-Internal root sheath
2-External root sheath |
|
|
What does the arector pili muscle do?
|
pulls hair up to conserve body heat.
|
|
|
Define Hair Root Plexuses
|
nerves that are sensitive to touching/tugging
|
|
|
What are sebaceous glands?
|
Glands that screte sebum
|
|
|
What are the two kinds of sweat glands?
|
1-Eccrine
2-Apocrine |
|
|
Name three characteristics of Eccrine sweat glands
|
1-Narrow Lumen in secretory portion
2-Not associated with hair follicles 3-Broad distribution over body |
|
|
Name three characteristics of Apocrine sweat glands
|
1-Large lumen in secretory portion
2-Often associated with hair follicles 3-Limited distribution over body |
|
|
What are sudoriferous glands?
|
Sweat glands
|
|
|
What are sebaceous glands?
|
Oil glands
|
|
|
Which skin glands are connected to hair follicles?
|
Sebaceous glands
|
|
|
What oil do sebaceous glands secrete?
|
Sebum
|
|
|
What are the two main types of sudoriferous glands?
|
1-Eccrine
2-Apocrine |
|
|
What are the three types of skin glands?
|
1-Sudoriferous glands
2-Sebaceous glands 3-Ceruminous glands |
|
|
Define Ceruminous glands
|
Modified sweat glands that secrete a waxy substance onto the surface of the ear canal
|
|
|
What makes cerumen (ear wax)?
|
Sebum and ceruminous secretions
|
|
|
Define nails
|
Tightly packed, hard, keratinized epidermal cells
|
|
|
What are the three parts of the nail?
|
1-Nail Body
2-Free Edge 3-Nail Root |
|
|
Define Nail Body
|
Visible portion of the nail
|
|
|
Define Free edge of nail
|
The portion of the nail that extends past the end of the digit
|
|
|
Define nail root
|
The portion of the nail that's buried in the fold of skin
|
|
|
Define Epsnychium
|
Cuticle of nail
|
|
|
Define hyponychium
|
Nail bed
|
|
|
Name 7 functions of the skin
|
1-Thermoregulation
2-Protection 3-Cutaneous sensations 4-Excretion and absorption 5-Synthesis of Vitamin D 6-Epidermal wound healing 7-Deep wound healing |
|
|
Define thermoregulation
|
Homeostatic regulation of body temperature
|
|
|
What is required for synthesizing Vitamin D through the skin?
|
It requires UV rays to activate the precursor molecule in the skin
|
|
|
What are the two phases of epidermal wound healing?
|
1-Division od basal cells and migration across wound
2-Thickening of epidermis |
|
|
What are the two phases of Deep wound healing?
|
1-Inflammatory phase
2-maturation stage |
|
|
Give an example of a first degree burn
|
sunburn; epidermis damaged only
|
|
|
Give an example of a second degree burn
|
Blister burn; epidermis and dermis burned
|
|
|
Give an example of a third degree burn
|
punctured burn; subcutaneous, dermis, and epidermis are damaged
|
|
|
What are four ways that burns can damage tissue?
|
1-electricity
2-excessive heat 3-chemicals 4-radioactivity |
