Anatomy And Physiology Test 3

Front 1

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT

Back 1

Movable joint: Diarthroses
Movement in many directions
Examples shoulder and hip joint

Front 2

LONG BONE

Back 2

Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone
Examples: Femur, humerus

Front 3

SHORT BONE

Back 3

Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples: Carpals, tarsals

Front 4

IRREGULAR BONE

Back 4

Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Example: Vertebrae and hip

Front 5

FLAT BONE

Back 5

Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum

Front 6

PELVIC GRIDDLE MEN VS. WOMEN

Back 6

Male pelvis is deep and narrow
Female pelvis broad and shallow, wider inlet to allow babies head to go thorough. Wider pubic angle.

Front 7

ACETABULUM

Back 7

Concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.

Front 8

TENDON

Back 8

Attaches Muscle to bone

Front 9

LIGAMENTS

Back 9

Attaches bone to bone

Front 10

MUSCLES INVOLVED IN RESPIRATION

Back 10

Principal muscles are the diaphragm, intercostal muscles.
Intercostal muscles elevate the ribs
Diaphragm contracts to increase vertical dimension of thoracic cavity.

Front 11

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Back 11

Nonstriated
involuntary muscle
Found in walls of hollow visceral structures
Spindle-shaped cells
Single nucleus
Also known as Visceral muscle

Front 12

SKELETAL MUSCLE

Back 12

Striated
voluntary muscle
Cells are multinucleate
Makes regular muscles

Front 13

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Back 13

Dark bands called intercalated disks that are found between the cells.
Has striations
Single nucleus
Involuntary
Found only in the heart

Front 14

INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION SITES

Back 14

Deltoid (Arm)
Vastus Lateralis (side of leg)
Gluteus (Butt)

Front 15

ONLY MOVABLE JOINT IN THE HEAD?

Back 15

MANDIBLE

Front 16

WHY DO WE HAVE SINUSES IN CRANIUM?

Back 16

SO IT IS LIGHTER

Front 17

SHOULDER GRIDLE

Back 17

SCAPULA + CLAVICLE

Front 18

FORMAL NAME FOR KNEE CAP?

Back 18

PATELLA

Front 19

MUSCLES THAT MOVE LOWER EXTREMITY?

Back 19

Iliopsoas: flexes thigh
Gluteus Maximus: extends Thigh

Adductor muscles: adduct thighs

Hamstring: flexes lower leg
Quadriceps femoris: extends lower leg

Gastrocnemius, Tibialis anterior and Peroneus group: allow foot movement

Front 20

MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN

Back 20

Abdominal: Rectus Abdominis
External and Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis

Front 21

MUSCLE THAT MOVES HEAD

Back 21

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID - Flexes head

Front 22

ANKLE BONES

Back 22

Calcaneus (heel bone),
tarsals (ankle bone)
Metatarsals
Phalanges (toe bones).

Front 23

BICEPS

Back 23

Origin: coracoid process of the scapula.
Distally, biceps attaches to (inserts into) the radial tuberosity.

Front 24

EXPLAIN ALL OR NOTHING CONCEPT FOR MUSCLES

Back 24

There needs to be a certain level of stimulation for muscle to contract. If the stimulus is enough the muscle will contract and is unstoppable.

Front 25

DIARTHROSES JOINT

Back 25

Free movement
Most joints belong to this class
Joint capsule and ligaments holding adjoining bones together but permit movement at joint.
Articular cartilage-covers joint ends of bones.
Synovial membrane-lines joint capsule and secretes lubricating fluid

Front 26

MOTOR UNIT

Back 26

Motor neuron that innervates muscle fiber

Front 27

THRESHOLD STIMULUS

Back 27

stimulus that is just strong enough to evoke a response

Front 28

RIBS

Back 28

24 ribs (12 pairs).
first seven sets "true ribs" directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets "false ribs", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs They are attached to the vertebrae only

Front 29

TYPES OF BONE

Back 29

Spongy: thread of trabeculae surrounded by network of open spaces, contains red bone marrow. Located in epiphysis
Compact: har and dense, diaphysis
Cartilage: chondrocyte cell, flexible

Front 30

FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

Back 30

Movement

Posture: tonic contraction, enables us to maintain body position. Only a few of a muscle’s fibers shorten at one time Produce no movement of body parts

Heat production Fever: elevated body temperature. Hypothermia: reduced body temperature

Front 31

PRIME MOVER
SYNERGYST
ANTAGONIST

Back 31

Prime mover: muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement
Synergist: muscle that helps the prime muscle move.
Antagonist: oppose the action of a prime mover

Front 32

WAYS FOR MUSCLE TO MAKE ENERGY (ATP)

Back 32

Glycolisis:30 – 60 sec of energy, Anaerobic. Glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid and then to lactic acid (makes muscles sore).1 glucose makes 2 ATPs Not an efficient process, but is does happen fast
Phosphorilation:Uses creatin phosphate: 1 CP gives 1 ATP Anaerobic reaction
Krebs Cycle:Needs Oxygen: Aerobic. Generates 36 ATPs every 1 glucose
Efficient process.

Front 33

ATROPHY
HYPERTROPHY

Back 33

Prolonged inactivity causes disuse: atrophy
Hypertrophy: Regular exercise increases muscle size,(No more muscle fibers, just size increase)

Front 34

SYNARTHROSES
AMPHYANTHROSES
DIARTHROSES

Back 34

Synarthroses: No movement

Amphiarthroses ;Slight movement

Diarthroses:Free movement