Anatomy And Physiology Of Heart

Front 1

Layers of the Heart

Back 1

1. ENDOCARDIUM- inner layer, lines inside of heart, covers valves
2. MYOCARDIUM- middle layer, contraction/ pumping
3. EPICARDIUM- external layer (visceral pericardium) contains coronary arteries
4. PERICARDIUM- outer covering, encloses the heart, approx 10 cc fluid between 2 inner layers

Hint 1

4

Front 2

Heart Chambers

Back 2

Right Atria
Left Atria
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

Hint 2

4

Front 3

Atria recieve blood from the ______ ? Atria are ______ pressure and responsible for the ________ kick.

Back 3

body: low: atrial

Front 4

Ventricles ______ blood the the lungs and body. They are _____ pressure chambers.

Back 4

pump

Front 5

Heart Valves Types

Back 5

Atrioventricular and Semilunar Valves

Hint 5

2

Front 6

Heart Valves

and their location ?

Back 6

AV- 1. Tricuspid (right) separates right atrium and right ventricle
2. Bicuspid (mitral) separates left atrium and left ventricle
Semilunar- 3. Pulmonic (right) between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
4. Aortic (Left) between left ventricle and aorta

Hint 6

4

Front 7

AV valves separate the ______ from the ______ ? They also prevent _______ ?

Back 7

atria ; ventricles

; backflow of blood.

Front 8

Semilunar Valves the ______ and _____ prevenet ______ from the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Back 8

Aortic and Pulmonic; backflow

Front 9

Coronary Circulation consists of the ______ arteries and _____

Back 9

coronary and veins

Front 10

Coronary arteries are located at the base of the ______ and supply the heart with _____.

Back 10

aorta ; oxygen

Front 11

Cornary arteries fill during______?

Back 11

diastole

Front 12

RCA- right coronary artery feeds ___ Atrium, ___ ventricle ? Also supplies ___% of SA node and ___% of AV node.

Back 12

Right, Right

50; 90

Front 13

LCA- Left Coronary Artery
LAD - left anterior descending,
Left Circumflex- LC, supplies ___% SA node BBs and Purkinje Fibers

Back 13

50

Front 14

Cardiac Cyle

Back 14

Diastolie- relax, fill time
Atria and ventricles relax

Systole- contract/ eject time

(atria relax, ventricles contract)

Hint 14

2

Front 15

Cardiac Output- CO = ______?

Back 15

Stroke Volume x HR

Front 16

Preload is :

Back 16

force exerted by the walls of ventricles at end of diastole

Front 17

Afterload is:

Back 17

pressure against which ventricles must pump to eject blood

Front 18

Baroreceptors detect _____ ?
are found in _______ arteries and the ____ arch?

Back 18

a change in blood pressure

internal corotid; aortic arch

Front 19

Chemoreceptors detect _____?

Back 19

changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions, oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Front 20

Blood flow through the heart-
rt atrium recieves______ and is high in ____ from the _____ vena cava and the _____sinus.

Back 20

blood low in oxygen; carbon dioxide; superior; coronary

Front 21

____ flows from the ____ atrium through the _____ valve into the ____ ventricle.

Back 21

blood; right; tricuspid; right

Front 22

____ flows through the ____ arteries to the ____. ( _____ and ___ are exchanged in the pulmonary ______. and then flows to the ____ veins.

Back 22

blood; pulmonary; lungs; oxygen and carbon dioxide; capillaries; pulmonary

Front 23

The efficiency of the heart as a pump may be affected by 3 abnormalities

Back 23

Cardiac muscle, Valves, conduction system

Hint 23

___ muscle, Cardiac_____, _____ system.

Front 24

The ____ and ____ coronary arteries are the first branches off the proximal aorta.

Back 24

right; left

Front 25

____ arteries fill when the heart is _____.

Back 25

coronary; relaxed

Front 26

Three major coronary arteries include the ____, the ______ and the _____ arteries.

Back 26

Left anterior descending; left circumflex; right coronary arteries

Front 27

RCA originates in the ____ side of the aorta. It travels along the groove between the _____ and the _____.

Back 27

right; right atrium; right ventricle

Front 28

RCA supples the ___ atrium, ____ ventricle, ___ node, and ___ node

Back 28

right; right; SA; AV

Front 29

LCA orginates from the _____ side of the _____. The first segment of the LCA is called _______ coronary artery.

Back 29

Left; aorta; Left Main

Front 30

The left main coronary artery supplies ______ blood to two primary branches, the _____ and _____ .

Back 30

oxygenated; left anterior descending (anterior interventricular; Left circumflex artery.

Front 31

THE LAD can be seen on the _____ surface of the heart. It travels along the groove that lies between the ____ and ____ ventricle toward the hearts apex.

Back 31

outer (epicardial); right; left

Front 32

Major branches of the LAD are the _____ and ____ arteries. ____ branches supply the _____. THE LAD supples the anterior_____ ventricle, lateral surface _____ ventricle. Most of the Septum.

Back 32

septal; diagonal; Left; Left.

Front 33

Left Circumflex Coronary circles around the ____ side of the heart. Supples blood to _____ atrium, lateral ____ ventricle and inferior surface of ___ ventricle. ____ node and the ____ node.

Back 33

left; LEft; LEft; LEft, SA, AV

Front 34

Coronary veins travel along side the arteries. _____ sinus is the larges vein that drains the heart. It lies in the groove that separates the ____ from the ____.

Back 34

coronary sinus; atria; ventricle

Front 35

Bororeceptors are specialized nerve tissue found in the ____ arteries and ___ arch.
They detect ____ in BP.

Back 35

internal corotid; aortic

Changes

Front 36

Sympathetic response is aka _____

Back 36

adrenergic

Front 37

Parasympathetic response is aka _______

Back 37

cholinergic

Front 38

Chronotropic means ________ in heart rate

Back 38

increase

Front 39

Inotropic means _______ in myocardial contractility.

Back 39

change

Front 40

The primary neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic nervous system is ________

Back 40

norepinephrine

Front 41

The Primary Neurotransmitter for Parasympathetic nervous system is _______

Back 41

Acetylcholine

Front 42

______ is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) that is released when parasympathetic nerves are stimulated.

Back 42

Acetylcholine

Front 43

__________ binds to Parasympathetic receptors

Back 43

Acetylcholine

Front 44

Two main types of parasympathetic receptors are ______ and _____ receptors.

Back 44

Nicotinic; muscarinic

Front 45

________ receptors are located in smooth muscle.

Back 45

Muscarinic

Front 46

________ receptors are located in skeletal muscle.

Back 46

Nicotinic

Front 47

_______ receptors sites are divided into alpha receptors and beta receptors.

Back 47

Sympathetic

Front 48

______ manueuvers are performed and used to stimulate that _____ nerve.
When performed , _______ in the corotid arteries are stimulated in an attempt to slow conduction through the AV node. It will result in slowing of the heart rate.

Back 48

Vagal; vagus

Baroreceptors