Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
define nutrients
|
substance in food used by body to promote normal growth, maintenance and repair
-essential nutrients can't be made by body and must be supplied in diet |
|
|
what are the three major nutrients needed for the body
|
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
|
|
|
what are the three sections of the overview of metabolic processes
|
-metabolism, anabolism and catabolism
|
|
|
devine metabolism
|
biochemical reactions of body, necessary for life
|
|
|
what is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
|
anabolism is synthetic and catabolism is degradative
|
|
|
what are the three major STEPS in metabolism of energy-containing nutrients?
|
1) digestion in GI tract lumen
2) anabolism and formation of catabolic intermediates within tissue cells 3) oxidative breakdown in mitochondria of tissue cells |
|
|
describe oxidation
|
occurs via the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen
-oxidized substances loose electrons |
|
|
what does it mean to be "reduced"
|
whenever one substance loses electrons (is oxidized) another substance gains them: REDUCED
|
|
|
describe what it means to be "coupled"
|
oxidation and reduction are said to be "coupled" because they can not be separated
|
|
|
what is energy ultimately transferred to?
|
ADP to form ATP
|
|
|
what are dehydrogenases?
|
enzymes catalyzing oxidation-reduction reactions by removing hydrogen
|
|
|
what are oxidases?
|
enzymes catalyzing transfer of oxygen
|
|
|
what do most enzymes require and give an example
|
most enzymes require a coenzyme
ex: NAD derived from niacin and FAD derived from riboflavin: acts as a hydrogen/electron acceptor |
|
|
describe substrate-level phosphorylation
|
high-energy phosphate group transferred directly from phosphorylated substrate to ADP
|
|
|
figure on slide 8
|
KNOW IT
|
|
|
describe oxidative phosphorylation
|
-most of the energy that goes into ATP captured this way
-energy gained by oxidizing food products is used to pump hydrogen across membrane gradient created hydrogen moves back across membrane down gradient a phosphate group is added to ADP -occurs in mitochondria |
|
|
figure on slide 9
|
know it
|
|
|
what occurs during the first part of the third step of the electron transport chain and oxidative phsophorylation
|
-electrons from oxidation of NADH + H flow along energy gradient
-some of the energy used by each complex (#1-3, proteins bound to cofactors) to pump protons from mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space |
