Anatomy And Physiology Lab 1

Front 1

The sagittal plane divides the body into ________.

Back 1

right and left parts

Front 2

The ________ body plane of section divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

Back 2

transverse

Front 3

The field diameter for the low-powered objective is ________ the field diameter for the scanning objective lens.

Back 3

less than

Front 4

What is the working distance?

Back 4

distance between the slide/structure and the objective lens

Front 5

What is the primary cell type found in ligaments?

Back 5

fibroblast

Front 6

Which muscle tissue attaches to bone?

Back 6

skeletal

Front 7

Which tissue type is responsible for absorption and secretion of substances?

Back 7

epithelial

Front 8

Which cartilage forms the epiphyseal plate?

Back 8

hyaline

Front 9

Which bone type is longer than it is wide?

Back 9

long bone

Front 10

Which bone type is thin and plate-like?

Back 10

flat bone

Front 11

Which cartilage forms the meniscus?

Back 11

fibrocartilage

Front 12

Where is the fat-filled yellow bone marrow located?

Back 12

diaphysis medullary cavity

Front 13

On what bone is the mandibular fossa found?

Back 13

temporal

Front 14

Of the four major categories of vertebrae, where would you find a vertebra missing a body or centrum?

Back 14

cervical

Front 15

If you "close" your elbow bringing your forearm to rest against your upper arm, then your elbow is exhibiting:

Back 15

flexion

Front 16

What are the two general ways in which joints can be classified?

Back 16

structure and function

Front 17

Are all false ribs classified as vertebrochondral ribs? Explain.

Back 17

No. False ribs (ribs 8-12) don't attach to the sternum directly. Ribs 8-10 attach to the cartilage of the 7th rib and the vertebrae, being called "vertebrochondral". Ribs 11-12 only attach to the spine, not the rest of the ribs. These are called "floating ribs" or "vertebral ribs"

Front 18

Which two bones form the nasal septum?

Back 18

ethmoid and vomer

Front 19

Which two bones form the hard palate?

Back 19

maxilla and palatine

Front 20

List the four basic (general) types of tissue.

Back 20

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Front 21

Match each of the following characteristics with the correct connective tissue.

resists unidirectional stress

Back 21

dense regular connective tissue

Front 22

Match each of the following characteristics with the correct connective tissue.

transports oxygen and hormones

Back 22

blood

Front 23

Match each of the following characteristics with the correct connective tissue.

contains chondrocytes

Back 23

cartilage

Front 24

Match each of the following characteristics with the correct connective tissue.

Stores minerals

Back 24

bone

Front 25

Match each of the following characteristics with the correct connective tissue.

resides in thick skin and around joints

Back 25

dense irregular connective tissue

Front 26

Match each of the following characteristics with the correct connective tissue.

cushions and insulates

Back 26

adipose tissue

Front 27

Tissue type that propels food through the digestive tract

Back 27

muscle tissue

Front 28

Tissue type that lines internal and external body surfaces

Back 28

epithelial tissue

Front 29

Tissue type that conducts electrical impulses

Back 29

nervous tissue

Front 30

Tissue type that transports oxygen to the body tissues

Back 30

connective tissue

Front 31

Tissue type that functions in transport and secretion

Back 31

epithelial tissue

Front 32

Tissue type that pumps blood

Back 32

muscle tissue

Front 33

Tissue type that stores fats and minerals

Back 33

Connective tissue

Front 34

the type(s) of muscle that are striated in appearance.

Back 34

skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

Front 35

type(s) of muscle that are under voluntary control.

Back 35

skeletal muscle

Front 36

the type(s) of muscle that contains intercalated discs

Back 36

cardiac muscle

Front 37

the type(s) of muscle that has short branching cells

Back 37

cardiac muscle

Front 38

the type(s) of muscle that has elongated tapered cells

Back 38

smooth muscle

Front 39

the type(s) of muscle that is under involuntary control.

Back 39

smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Front 40

the type(s) of muscle that is found in the walls of hollow organs

Back 40

smooth muscle

Front 41

the type(s) of muscle that connects to bone

Back 41

skeletal muscle

Front 42

The sternum is ____ to the vertebrae.

Back 42

anterior/ventral

Front 43

The feet are ___ to the hands.

Back 43

inferior

Front 44

The elbows are ___ to the abdomen.

Back 44

lateral

Front 45

The skin is ___ to the skeleton.

Back 45

superficial

Front 46

The heart is ___ to the sternum.

Back 46

deep

Front 47

The lungs are ___ to the ribs.

Back 47

posterior/dorsal

Front 48

The chest is ___ to the abdomen.

Back 48

superior

Front 49

The knee is ___ to the hip.

Back 49

distal

Front 50

The little finger is ___ to the thumb.

Back 50

medial

Front 51

The elbow is ___ to the wrist.

Back 51

proximal

Front 52

From superior to inferior, name the body cavities

Back 52

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Front 53

pertaining to the head

Back 53

cephalic

Front 54

PERTAINING TO THE BACK OF THE BODY

Back 54

DORSAL

Front 55

pertaining to the groin

Back 55

inguinal

Front 56

pertaining to the sole of the foot

Back 56

plantar

Front 57

pertaining to the posterior surface of the leg

Back 57

sural

Front 58

pertaining to the cheek

Back 58

buccal

Front 59

pertaining to the chin

Back 59

mental

Front 60

pertaining to the bony eye socket

Back 60

ocular

Front 61

pertaining to the ear

Back 61

otic

Front 62

pertaining to the point of the shoulder

Back 62

acromial

Front 63

pertaining to the forearm

Back 63

antebrachial

Front 64

pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow

Back 64

antecubital

Front 65

pertaining to the armpit

Back 65

axillary

Front 66

pertaining to the arm

Back 66

brachial

Front 67

pertaining to the wrist

Back 67

carpal

Front 68

pertaining to the fingers

Back 68

digital

Front 69

pertaining to the thumb

Back 69

pollex

Front 70

pertaining to the hip

Back 70

coxal

Front 71

pertaining to the anterior surface of the leg

Back 71

crural

Front 72

pertaining to the great toe

Back 72

hallux

Front 73

pertaining to the ankle

Back 73

tarsal

Front 74

cavities contained in the dorsal cavity

Back 74

cranial cavity and vertebral cavity

Front 75

cavities contained in the ventral cavity

Back 75

thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Front 76

The thoracic cavity can be divided into

Back 76

the medial mediastinum and the right and left pleural cavities

Front 77

The mediastinum contains

Back 77

esophagus, trachea, bronchi, heart

Front 78

The two layers of serous membranes

Back 78

parietal (outer) and visceral

Front 79

A sagittal plane divides the body into

Back 79

right and left

Front 80

A frontal plane divides the body into

Back 80

anterior and posterior

Front 81

A sagittal plane is a section made _________ to the body's longitudinal axis

Back 81

parallel

Front 82

A frontal plane is a section made _________ to the body's longitudinal axis

Back 82

parallel

Front 83

The transverse plane is a section made _________ to the body's longitudinal axis

Back 83

perpendicular

Front 84

The transverse plane divides the body

Back 84

superior and inferior parts

Front 85

The spleen is locate in in the __________________ abdominopelvic region

Back 85

left hypochondriac

Front 86

Function of the cardiovascular system

Back 86

transports oxygen to body cells

Front 87

Function of the digestive system

Back 87

absorbs nutrients

Front 88

Function of the endocrine system

Back 88

produces hormones

Front 89

Function of integumentary system

Back 89

provides physical barrier

Front 90

Function of lymphatic system

Back 90

returns excess tissue fluid to the blood

Front 91

Function of muscular system

Back 91

generates heat

Front 92

Function of nervous system

Back 92

transmits electrical impulses

Front 93

Function of the respiratory system

Back 93

functions in gas exchange

Front 94

Function of the reproductive system

Back 94

produces gametes

Front 95

Function of the skeletal system

Back 95

functions in hematopoiesis

Front 96

Function of the urinary system

Back 96

rids body of nitrogenous wastes

Front 97

Define homeostasis

Back 97

the body's actions in maintaining internal conditions within a narrow, relatively stable physiological range

Front 98

Distinguish between a negative feedback mechanism and a positive feedback mechanism.

Back 98

Negative feedback shuts off original stimulus and positive feedback enhances original stimulus.

Front 99

Differentiate between a lacuna and a canaliculus

Back 99

Lacunae are cavities that house osteocytes. Canaliculi contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes, which radiate from each lacunae and connect to the central canal.

Front 100

Broad bottom support of microscope

Back 100

base

Front 101

controls the amount of light passing through the condenser

Back 101

iris diaphragm

Front 102

supports the objective and ocular lenses

Back 102

head

Front 103

is used for precise focusing

Back 103

fine adjustment knob

Front 104

lenses of various powers of magnification

Back 104

objective lenses

Front 105

serves as a handle for carrying the microscope

Back 105

arm

Front 106

circular area on stage through which light passes

Back 106

aperature

Front 107

moves the slide on the stage

Back 107

mechanical stage controls

Front 108

lenses located within the eyepieces

Back 108

ocular lenses

Front 109

moves mechanical stage in large increments

Back 109

coarse adjustment knob

Front 110

head of the microscope

Back 110

upper part of the microscope that supports the ocular lenses and the various objective lenses

Front 111

base of the microscope

Back 111

the broad, flat, lower part of the microscope that supports the rest of the instrument

Front 112

arm of the microscope

Back 112

the vertical part of the microscope that connects the head to the base

Front 113

ocular lenses

Back 113

lenses located within the eyepieces. Monocular microscopes have one ocular lens, whereas binocular microscopes have two ocular lenses. Ocular lenses typically magnify an object 10 times

Front 114

Objective lenses

Back 114

Magnifying lenses mounted on a rotating nosepiece. Most microscopes have four objective lenses: scanning (4x), low-power (10x), high-power (40x), and oil-immersion (100x) lenses

Front 115

Rotating nosepiece

Back 115

connects the objective lenses to the head and allows different objective lenses to be moved into place

Front 116

Mechanical stage

Back 116

Flat, horizontal shelf onto which the slide is placed and typically secured with a spring clamp. Two control knobs can be used to move the stage to position the slide

Front 117

Condenser

Back 117

Small lens located under the stage that concentrates light onto the specimen. A condenser adjustment knob is used to raise and lower the condenser. The condenser should usually be in its uppermost position, just below the aperture

Front 118

Aperture

Back 118

The hole in the stage through which light travels

Front 119

Iris diaphragm lever

Back 119

located beneath the condenser, regulates the amount of light that passes through the condenser

Front 120

Focus knobs

Back 120

located on the arm of the microscope just above the base. The larger coarse adjustment knob moves the stage up and down in large increments and is used to find the specimen and for initial focusing; the smaller fine adjustment knob is used for fine focusing after coarse focusing has been completed.

Front 121

used to find the specimen and for initial focusing

Back 121

course adjustment knob

Front 122

used for fine focusing after coarse focusing has been completed

Back 122

fine adjustment knob

Front 123

How do you transport a microscope

Back 123

upright position with two hands...one on the base and one holding the arm

Front 124

What do you use to clean the microscope's lenses

Back 124

special paper and solution

Front 125

Always begin the focusing process with which objective?

Back 125

4x, scanning, lowest

Front 126

Working distance

Back 126

the distance between the specimen and the bottom of the objective lens

Front 127

Depth of field, depth of focus

Back 127

the thickness of a specimen that is in sharp focus

Front 128

What happens the the depth of field as the total magnification decreases?

Back 128

increases

Front 129

What happens to field diameter as magnification increases?

Back 129

Decreases

Front 130

Resolution is defined as

Back 130

being able to see adjacent objects as separate.

Front 131

at higher magnifications the amount of light should be __________ to adjust the brightness allowing for good contrast and no glare.

Back 131

increased

Front 132

The virtual image being viewed through the ocular lenses is

Back 132

inverted and opposite of the real image being emitted into the objective lens

Front 133

Define tissue

Back 133

a group of structurally and functionally related cells and their external environment that together perform common functions

Front 134

location of epithelial tissue

Back 134

covers and lines all body surfaces and cavities

Front 135

location and function of connective tissue

Back 135

widespread and performs binding, support, protection, and transport function

Front 136

function of muscle tissue

Back 136

contracts and generates force

Front 137

function of nervous tissue

Back 137

generates, sends, and receives electrical signals throughout the body

Front 138

The term stratified means that epithelial tissue...

Back 138

has multiple layers of cells

Front 139

Functions of epithelial tissue

Back 139

transport, secretion, and protection

Front 140

Epithelial tissue doesn't have any blood flow. How does it obtain needed substances?

Back 140

diffusion of gases and nutrients from the underlying connective tissue

Front 141

How to classify epithelial tissue

Back 141

shape and number of cell layers

Front 142

flattened epithelial cells

Back 142

squamous

Front 143

cube shaped epithelial cells

Back 143

cuboidal

Front 144

column shaped epithelial cells

Back 144

columnar

Front 145

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epitheliaum

Back 145

two or more cell layers with the outermost layer of cells being living

Front 146

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Back 146

the outermost cells are dead and filled with the waterproofing protein keratin

Front 147

function of simple epithelium

Back 147

easily permits passage of materials across it

Front 148

function of stratified epithelium

Back 148

protection against friction and abrasion

Front 149

Transitional epithelium is found in________

Back 149

the urinary tract

Front 150

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium are found in____________

Back 150

the trachea

Front 151

What kind of connective tissue fibers provide strength and resist tension and pressure?

Back 151

collagen fibers

Front 152

What kind of connective tissue fibers provide flexibility?

Back 152

Elastic fibers

Front 153

What kind of connective tissue fibers provide a supporting network for the entire tissue?

Back 153

Reticular fibers

Front 154

Two categories of connective tissues

Back 154

connective tissue proper and specialized connective tissue

Front 155

Connective tissue proper includes

Back 155

loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue

Front 156

Specialized connective tissue includes

Back 156

cartilage, bone, and blood

Front 157

Connective tissue proper contains four major types of cells. List them and the most prominent.

Back 157

Fibroblasts (most prominent), Adipocytes, Macrophages, Mast cells

Front 158

Function of fibroblasts

Back 158

produce protein fibers of extracellular matrix

Front 159

Define adipocytes

Back 159

fat cells filled with lipid droplets, found inmany different connective tissues

Front 160

Function of loose connective tissue

Back 160

support and protection of the walls of hollow organs and membranes lining body cavities

Front 161

Where is dense regular connective tissue found and what is it's function?

Back 161

in the tendons and ligaments, resists unidirectionals stress

Front 162

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found and what is it's function

Back 162

found in deep layer of thich skin and around joints, resists stress from every direction

Front 163

Where is elastic connective tissue found and what is it's function?

Back 163

large blood vessels and certain ligaments, allows stretch and recoil

Front 164

Where is reticular tissue found and what is it's function?

Back 164

spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow, forms the structure of many organs and supports small structures such as blood vessels and leukocytes

Front 165

Where is adipose tissue found and what is it's function?

Back 165

deep to skin in abdomen, breasts, hips, buttocks, thighs, surrounding the heart and abdominal organs, provides insulation, warmth, shock absorption and energy storage

Front 166

Major cell in cartilage

Back 166

chondrocytes

Front 167

Function of cartilage

Back 167

support, maintaining the shape of structures, shock absorption

Front 168

Where are chondrocytes located

Back 168

lacunae

Front 169

Three types of cartilage

Back 169

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

Front 170

Location of hyaline cartilage

Back 170

trachea and between bones in joint

Front 171

Location of fibrocartilage

Back 171

between intervertebral discs

Front 172

Location of elastic cartilage

Back 172

external ear and epiglottis

Front 173

Major cells in bone

Back 173

osteocytes

Front 174

Where are osteocytes located

Back 174

in lacunae

Front 175

Two types of cells in nervous tissue

Back 175

neurons and neuroglial cells

Front 176

Function of neurons

Back 176

transmit electrical signals to, from, and within the central nervous system

Front 177

Function of neuroglial cells

Back 177

support, anchor, monitor, nourish, and insulate neurons

Front 178

Three types of muscle tissue

Back 178

skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle

Front 179

Describe skeletal muscle fibers

Back 179

long, cylindrical, multinucleate, surrounded by a thin connective tissue sheath called endomysium

Front 180

Describe cardiac muscle fibers

Back 180

short, branched, typically uninucleate cells that are interconnected by intercalated discs and surrounded by endomysium

Front 181

Describe smooth muscle fibers

Back 181

thin, uninucleate, tapered cells

Front 182

Muscle fibers not under volunary control

Back 182

cardiac, smooth muscle

Front 183

Muscle fibers that are striated

Back 183

muscle and cardiac

Front 184

The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is

Back 184

simple squamous epithelium

Front 185

The tissue that forms supporting rings of respiratory passages

Back 185

columnar epithelium

Front 186

Cartilage found at end of long bones and responsible for bone growth

Back 186

hyaline cartilage

Front 187

main tissue of tendons and ligaments

Back 187

dense fibrous connective tissue

Front 188

binds skin to underlying organs

Back 188

binds skin to underlying organsloose connective tissue

Front 189

cells can possess microvilli

Back 189

columnar epithelium

Front 190

forms lining of intestines

Back 190

cuboidal epithelium

Front 191

lines ducts of salivary glands

Back 191

cuboidal epithelium

Front 192

forms the outer layer of skin

Back 192

squamous epithelium

Front 193

moves sex cells in fallopian tubes

Back 193

Columnar epithelium

Front 194

forms air sacs of the lungs

Back 194

Squamous epithelium

Front 195

Forms lining of the mouth and vagina

Back 195

Squamous epithelium

Front 196

Functions of skeletal system

Back 196

protection, storage of minerals, formation of blood cells, storage of fat, movement, and support

Front 197

How many bones in human body?

Back 197

206

Front 198

Two types of bone

Back 198

compact bone and spongy bone

Front 199

Where are blood cells formed?

Back 199

red bone marrow

Front 200

What stores triglycerides?

Back 200

Yellow bone marrow

Front 201

Compact bone description, location and composition

Back 201

hard and dense, located just deep to the periosteum, dense, irregular connective tissue membrane

Front 202

Spongy bone description, location and composition

Back 202

many open spaces that house red bone marrow, located deep to the compact bone, composed of irregularly arranged trabeculae

Front 203

The skeletal system contains________________ also, not just bones

Back 203

skeletal cartilages, tendons, and ligaments

Front 204

Function of hyaline cartilage

Back 204

cushioning

Front 205

Function of fibrocartilage

Back 205

strong support and resistance to pressure

Front 206

Function of elastic cartilage

Back 206

strength and stretchability

Front 207

Tendons attach ______________ to________

Back 207

muscle, bone

Front 208

Ligaments attach____________to____________

Back 208

bone, bone

Front 209

What limits thickness of cartilage?

Back 209

lack of direct access to a blood supply

Front 210

Five major shapes of bones in the human body

Back 210

long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

Front 211

Most of the bones of the appendicular skeletaon are______________

Back 211

long bones

Front 212

Bone is longer than it is wide, example

Back 212

long bone, femur

Front 213

bone is about as long as it is wide, example

Back 213

short bone, trapezium (carpal bone)

Front 214

bone is broad, flat, and thin; example

Back 214

flat bone, sternum

Front 215

bone's shape does not fit into other classes, example

Back 215

irregular bone, vertebrae

Front 216

round, flat bone found within tendon, example

Back 216

sesamoid bone, patella

Front 217

tiny bones that develop within sutures

Back 217

wormian bones

Front 218

shallow convex or concave surface where two bones articulate

Back 218

faced

Front 219

indentation in a bone into which another structure fits

Back 219

fossa

Front 220

shallow pit

Back 220

fovea

Front 221

long indentation along which a narrow structure travels

Back 221

groove or sulcus

Front 222

tunnel through a bone

Back 222

canal or meatus

Front 223

narrow slit in a bone or between adjacent parts of bone

Back 223

fissure

Front 224

hole in a bone

Back 224

foramen

Front 225

rounded end of a bone that articulates with another bone

Back 225

condyle

Front 226

ridge or projection

Back 226

crest

Front 227

round projection from a bone's epiphysis

Back 227

head

Front 228

small, rounded bony projection

Back 228

tubercle and tuberosity

Front 229

large tubercle

Back 229

tuberosity

Front 230

small projection usually proximal to a condyle

Back 230

epicondyle

Front 231

prominent bony projection

Back 231

process

Front 232

sharp process

Back 232

spine

Front 233

outgrowth from a bone

Back 233

protuberance

Front 234

large projection found only on the femur

Back 234

trochanter

Front 235

long narrow ridge

Back 235

line

Front 236

enlarged ends of long bones

Back 236

epiphyses

Front 237

shaft of long bones

Back 237

diaphyses

Front 238

contains the bone marrow

Back 238

epiphysis

Front 239

diaphysis contains

Back 239

thick collar of compact bone surrounding a central medullary cavity filled with fat

Front 240

yellow marrow is found in

Back 240

the diaphysis, medullary cavity

Front 241

epiphyseal lines are located

Back 241

between the epiphysis and diaphysis of mature long bones

Front 242

actively dividing hyaline cartilage in long bones located between epiphysis and diaphysis

Back 242

epiphysial plates

Front 243

Hyaline cartilage forms _________________ that covers the epiphyses

Back 243

articular cartilage

Front 244

Function of outer layer of periosteum

Back 244

attachment site for tendons and ligaments

Front 245

Function of inner layer of periosteum

Back 245

contains specialized cells involved in bone growth, repair, and remodelsing

Front 246

opening where nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter diaphysis

Back 246

nutrient foramen

Front 247

inner lining of the diaphysis

Back 247

endosteum

Front 248

function of endosteum

Back 248

covers trabeculae of spongy bone, lines central canals of compact bone

Front 249

functional unit of compact bone

Back 249

osteon

Front 250

concentric layers of mineralized extracellular matrix, found in central canal of osteon

Back 250

concentric lamellae

Front 251

location of interstitial lamellae

Back 251

spaces between the osteons

Front 252

circumferential lamellae are found

Back 252

just inside the periosteum and outside the spongy bone

Front 253

Lacunae are located ___________ and house________

Back 253

within the lamellae, osteocytes

Front 254

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix

Back 254

osteocytes

Front 255

tiny canals containing cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes, radiate from each lacuna and connect with the central canal

Back 255

canaliculi

Front 256

provide pathways for oxygen, nutrients, and wasts to move through the osseous tissue

Back 256

canaliculi and lacunae

Front 257

Perforating canals lie___________to the bone shaft and ___________(function)__________

Back 257

perpendicular, carry blood vessels into the bone from the periosteum and connect the central canals of adjacent osteons

Front 258

What gives bone it's exceptional hardness and enables bone to resist compression?

Back 258

mineral salts in inorganic extracellular matrix

Front 259

organic matrix making up 35% or bone tissue

Back 259

osteoid

Front 260

bone building cells

Back 260

osteoblasts

Front 261

bone-destroying cells

Back 261

osteoclasts

Front 262

mature bone cells

Back 262

osteocytes

Front 263

Differentiate between a lacuna and a canaliculus

Back 263

Lacunae are filled with extracellular fluid and located between the lamellae. Canaliculi connect the lacunae to each other and allow the oxygen and nutrients from the blood to reach the osteocytes. When looking at both as a spider, the lacunae are the bodies of the spiders and canaliculi are the legs of the spiders

Front 264

What specific cartilage type covers the ends of moveable bones?

Back 264

hyaline

Front 265

What specific cartilage type is found in the epiphyseal plate?

Back 265

hyaline

Front 266

What specific cartilage type is predominant in the pubic symphysis?

Back 266

fibrocartilage

Front 267

What specific cartilage type connects the vertebrae to one another?

Back 267

fibrocartilage

Front 268

What specific cartilage type forms the meniscus?

Back 268

fibrocartilage

Front 269

What specific cartilage type connects the ribs to the sternum?

Back 269

hyaline

Front 270

the axial skeleton consists of how many bones

Back 270

80

Front 271

immovable articulations between 8 cranial bones

Back 271

sutures

Front 272

The cranium can be divided into two parts:

Back 272

cranial vault or calvarium, carnial base

Front 273

forms anterior bortion of the cranium

Back 273

fronal bone

Front 274

smooth area between the eyes

Back 274

glabella

Front 275

form the superior portion and part of the lateral walls of the cranium

Back 275

parietal bones

Front 276

connects the two parietal bones

Back 276

sagittal suture

Front 277

connects the parietal bones to the frontal bone

Back 277

coronal suture

Front 278

connects the temporal bone with the parietal bone

Back 278

squamous suture

Front 279

connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones

Back 279

lambdoid suture

Front 280

connects the temporal bone to the occipital bone

Back 280

occipitomastoid suture

Front 281

form part of the lateral walls of the cranium inferior to the parietal bones

Back 281

temporal bones

Front 282

house auditory ossicles

Back 282

temporal bones

Front 283

depression where the mandibular condyle of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone

Back 283

mandibular fossa

Front 284

conducts sound waves toward the eardrum

Back 284

external acoustic meatus

Front 285

sharp projection that serves as the attachment site for some muscles of the tongue and pharynx, attachment site for the ligament that anchors the hyoid bone to the skyll

Back 285

styloid process

Front 286

prominent projection that serves as an attachment site for some neck muscles

Back 286

mastoid process

Front 287

passageway for three cranial nerves and for the IJ vein

Back 287

jugular foramen

Front 288

passageway for the internal carotid artery

Back 288

carotid canal

Front 289

a jagged opening that serves as a passageway for small arteries supplying blood to the inner surface of the cranium

Back 289

foramen lacerum

Front 290

passageway for two cranial nerves

Back 290

internal acoustic meatus

Front 291

forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium

Back 291

occipital bone

Front 292

large opening on the inferior surface of the skull where the brain and spinal cord meet

Back 292

foramen magnum

Front 293

rounded projections that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas) to form the atlanto-occipital joint

Back 293

occipital condyles

Front 294

openings through which a cranial nerve passes

Back 294

hypoglossal canals

Front 295

ridge of bone that extends posteriorly from the foramen magnum and ends at the external occipital protuberance

Back 295

external occipital crest

Front 296

small, mid-line bump at the end of the external occipital crest, occurs at the junction between the base and the posterior wall of the skull

Back 296

external occipital protuberance

Front 297

small transverse ridges on either side fo the external occipital protuberance, created by neck muscle attachments

Back 297

superior and inferior nuchal lines

Front 298

bat shaped bone located posterior to the frontal bone, articulates with every other cranial bone, "keystone bone of the cranium"

Back 298

sphenoid bone

Front 299

project laterally from the central body of the sphenoid bone and form part of the floor of the middle cranial fossa

Back 299

greater wings

Front 300

horn-shaped projections that form part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa

Back 300

lesser wings

Front 301

project inferiorly from the greater wings and serve as attachment sites for muscles

Back 301

pterygoid processes

Front 302

long, slit-like opening between the greater and lesser wings, a passageway for three cranial nerves

Back 302

superior orbital fissure

Front 303

saddle-shaped area in the midline of the sphenoid bone containing the hypophysial fossa, houses pituitary gland

Back 303

sella turica

Front 304

most deeply situated bone of the skull

Back 304

ethmoid bone

Front 305

superior projection in the midline of the ethmoid bone, attached to the brain by connective tissue wrappings and helps secure the brain within the cranial cavity

Back 305

crista galli

Front 306

bony plates studded with olfactory foramina that serve as passageways for fibers of the olfactory nerves.

Back 306

cribiform plates

Front 307

forms the superior portion of the nasal septum

Back 307

perpendicular plate-p 147

Front 308

Are all false ribs classified as vertebrochondral ribs? Explain.

Back 308

No. False ribs (ribs 8-12) don't attach to the sternum directly. Ribs 8-10 attach to the cartilage of the 7th rib and the vertebrae, being called "vertebrochondral". Ribs 11-12 only attach to the spine, not the rest of the ribs. These are called "floating ribs" or "vertebral ribs"

Front 309

Which two bones form the nasal septum?

Back 309

ethmoid and vomer

Front 310

Which two bones form the hard palate?

Back 310

maxilla and palatine

Front 311

What are the two general ways in which joints can be classified?

Back 311

structure and function

Front 312

movement that decreases the angle between articulating joints

Back 312

flexion

Front 313

sliding of a flat (or nearly flat) bone surgace over another bone in a back and forth or side to side direction

Back 313

gliding movement

Front 314

movement that increases the angle between articulating bones

Back 314

extension

Front 315

continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

Back 315

hyperextension

Front 316

movement of a bone away from the midline of the body

Back 316

abduction

Front 317

movement of a bone toward the midline of the body

Back 317

adduction

Front 318

circular movement of the distal end of a body part

Back 318

circumduction

Front 319

the turning of a bone around its own longitudinal axis

Back 319

rotation

Front 320

rotation of the forearm and hand laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly

Back 320

supination

Front 321

rotation of the forearm and hand medially so that the palm faces posteriorly

Back 321

pronation

Front 322

lifting of the foot so that the toes are pulled up toward the head

Back 322

dorsiflexion

Front 323

depression of the foot by pointing the toes toward the ground

Back 323

plantarflexion

Front 324

movement of the sole of the foot medially

Back 324

inversion

Front 325

movement of the sole of the foot laterally

Back 325

eversion

Front 326

anterior movement of a body part

Back 326

protraction

Front 327

posterior movement of a body part

Back 327

retraction

Front 328

superior movement of a body part

Back 328

elevation

Front 329

inferior movement of a body part

Back 329

depression