Anatomy And Physiology Exam 2

Front 1

The study of bone

Back 1

Osteology

Front 2

Composed of bones, cartilages, and ligaments joined tightly to form a strong, flexible framework for the body.

Back 2

Skeletal System

Front 3

Functions of the Skeleton

Back 3

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Electrolyte balance
5. Acid-base balance
6. Blood formation

Front 4

Connective tissue in which the matrix is hardened by the deposition of calcium phosphate and other minerals.

Back 4

Osseous tisse (Bone)

Front 5

The hardening process for bones is called ____

Back 5

Mineralization (Calcification)

Front 6

Most of the cranial bones are in the form of thin curved plates called _____.

Back 6

Flat bones.

Front 7

Short bones

Back 7

Carpal and tarsal bones

Front 8

Vertebrae, the Sphenoid and ethmoid bones of the skull.

Back 8

Irregular bones

Front 9

Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid?
C cells
osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

Back 9

Osteoclasts

Front 10

The marrow cavity of an adult bone may contain ____.

Back 10

myeloid tissue.

Front 11

The spurt of growth in puberty results from cell proliferation and hypertrophy in ____.

Back 11

D. The Epiphyseal plate

Front 12

Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to ____.

Back 12

Blood cells.

Front 13

The walls between cartilage lacunae break down in the zone of _____.

Back 13

Bone deposition

Front 14

Which is not an effect of PTH?
rise in blood phosphate level
Reduction of calcium excretion
increased intestinal calcium absorption
increased number of osteoclasts
Increased calcitriol synthesis

Back 14

A. Rise in blood phosphate level

Front 15

Why doesn't a child's leg bones shatter when he jumps from the top of a playground "jungle gym?"

Back 15

Collagen Fibers

Front 16

One long bone meets another at its ____.

Back 16

Epiphysis

Front 17

Calcitriol is made from ____.

Back 17

7-dehydrocholesterol

Front 18

One sign of osteoporosis is _____.

Back 18

A wrist fracture.

Front 19

Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a mineral called _____.

Back 19

hydroxapatite.

Front 20

Osteocytes contact each other through channels called ___ in the bone matrix.

Back 20

Canaliculi

Front 21

A bone increases in diameter only by ___ growth, the addition of new surface lamellae.

Back 21

appositional

Front 22

Seed crystals of hydroxypaptite form only when the levels of calcium and phosphate in the tissue fluid exceed the ____

Back 22

Solubility Product

Front 23

A calcium deficiency called ____ can cause death by suffocation.

Back 23

Hypocalcemia

Front 24

____ are cells that secrete collagen and stimulate calcium phosphate deposition.

Back 24

Osteoblasts

Front 25

The most active form of vitamin D, produced mainly by the kidneys, is ____.

Back 25

Calcitriol

Front 26

The most common bone disease is ____.

Back 26

Osteoporosis.

Front 27

The transitional region between epiphyseal cartilage and the primary marrow cavity of a young bone is called the _____.

Back 27

Metaphysis

Front 28

A pregnant, poorly nourished woman may suffer a softening of the bones called ____.

Back 28

Osteomalacia

Front 29

Spongy bone is always covered by

Back 29

Compact bone.

Front 30

Most bones develop from

Back 30

Hyaline cartilage

Front 31

Osteocytes develop from ____.

Back 31

Osteoblasts

Front 32

_____ travel through the central canals of compact bone.

Back 32

Blood vessels

Front 33

Parathyroid hormone promotes bone resorption and raises ______

Back 33

blood calcium

Front 34

Osteoclasts develop from ________ in the bone marrow

Back 34

Stem cells.

Front 35

Which of these is not a paranasal sinus?
a. frontal
b. temporal
c. sphenoid
d. ethmoid
e. maxillary

Back 35

B. temporal

Front 36

Which of these is facial bone?
a.fontal
b. ethmoid
c. occipital
d. temporal
e. lacrimal

Back 36

E. lacrimal

Front 37

Which of these cannot be palpated on a living person?
a. The Crista galli
b. The mastoid process
c. The zygomatic arch
d. the superior nuchal line
e. the hyoid bone.

Back 37

A. The Crista Galli

Front 38

All of the following are groups of vertebrae except for ____, which is a spinal curvature.
a. thoracic
b. cervical
c. lumbar
d. pelvic
e. sacral

Back 38

D. pelvic

Front 39

Thoracic vertebrae do NOT have _____.

Back 39

transverse foramina.

Front 40

The tubercle of a rib articulates with _____.

Back 40

the transverse process of a vertebra.

Front 41

The disc-shaped head of the radius articulates with the ___ of the humerus.

Back 41

C. Capitulum

Front 42

All of the following are carpal bones, except the ___, which is a tarsal bone.
-trapezium
-cuboid
-trapezoid
-triquetrum
-pisiform

Back 42

Cuboid

Front 43

The bone that supports your body weight when you are sitting down is ____.

Back 43

The ischium.

Front 44

What is the bone of the heel?

Back 44

Calcaneus

Front 45

The external auditory canal is a passage in the ___ bone

Back 45

temporal

Front 46

Bones of the skull are joined along lines called ____.

Back 46

Sutures.

Front 47

The ___ bone has greater and lesser wings and protects the pituitary gland.

Back 47

Sphenoid

Front 48

A herniated disc occurs when a ring called the ____ cracks.

Back 48

Anulus fibrosus

Front 49

The transverse ligament of the atlas holds the ___ of the axis in place.

Back 49

dens

Front 50

The sacroiliac joint is formed where the ____ surface of the sacrum articulates with that of the ilium.

Back 50

Auricular

Front 51

The ___ processes of the radius and ulna form bony protuberances on each side of the wrist.

Back 51

Styloid.

Front 52

The thumb is also known as the ___ and the great toe is also known as the ___.

Back 52

pollex, hallux

Front 53

The ____ arch of the foot extends from the heel to the great toe.

Back 53

medial longitudinal.

Front 54

internal and external rotation of the humerus are made possible by a ____ joint.

Back 54

Ball and Socket Joint

Front 55

Which of the following is the least movable?
a diarthrosis
a synostosis
a symphysis
a synovial joint
a condylar joint

Back 55

a synostosis

Front 56

Which of the following movements are unique to the foot?
- dorsiflexion and inversion
- elevation and depression
- circumduction and rotation
- abduction and adduction
- opposition and reposition

Back 56

-dorsiflexion and inversion

Front 57

Which of the following joints cannot be circumducted?
-carpometacarpal
-metacarpophalangeal
-glenohumeral
-coxal
-interphalangeal

Back 57

interphalangeal

Front 58

Which of the following terms denotes a general condition that includes the other four?
-gout
-arthritis
-rheumatism
-osteoarthritis
-rheumatoid arthritis

Back 58

Rheumatism

Front 59

In the adult, the ischium and pubis are united by _____.

Back 59

a synostosis

Front 60

in a second-class lever, the effort

Back 60

is applied to the end opposite the fulcrum.

Front 61

Which of the following joints has anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?
-The shoulder
-The elbow
-the hip
-the knee
-the ankle

Back 61

The knee

Front 62

to bend backward at the waist involves ____ of the vertebral column.

Back 62

hyperextension

Front 63

The rotator cuff includes the tendons of all of the following muscles except

Back 63

the biceps brachii

Front 64

The lubricant of a diarthrosis is called ____.

Back 64

synovial fluid

Front 65

A fluid-filled sac that eases the movement of a tendon over a bone is call a/an ___-.

Back 65

Bursa

Front 66

A ____ joint allows one bone to swivel on another.

Back 66

pivot

Front 67

____ is the science of movement

Back 67

Kinesiology

Front 68

The joint between a tooth and the mandible is call a

Back 68

gomophosis

Front 69

In a _____ suture, the articulating bones have interlocking wavy margins, somewhat like a dovetail joint in carpentry.

Back 69

secrate

Front 70

In kicking a football, what type of action does the knee joint exhibit?

Back 70

Extension

Front 71

The angle through which a joint can move is called its _____

Back 71

range of motion.

Front 72

The menisci of the knee are functionally similar to the _____ of the temporomandibular joint.

Back 72

articular disc

Front 73

At the ankle, booth the tibia and fibula articulate with what tarsal bone?

Back 73

Talus

Front 74

There is no meniscus in the ____ joint.

Back 74

Elbow

Front 75

Reaching behind you to take something out of your hip pocket involves _____ of the shoulder.

Back 75

Hyperextension

Front 76

The _____ cruciate ligament normally prevents hyperextension of the knee.

Back 76

anterior

Front 77

The ____ are diarthroses.

Back 77

knuckles

Front 78

Unlike most ligaments, the ______ ligaments don't attach one bone to another.

Back 78

periodontal

Front 79

_____ occurs in almost everyone after a certain age.

Back 79

Osteoarthritis

Front 80

A _______ studies joint movements; a _____ treats arthritis.

Back 80

kinesiologist; rheumatologist

Front 81

Synovial joints are diarthroses and amphiarthroses, but never _____.

Back 81

synarthroses

Front 82

The ____ ligament is somewhat slack and probably does not secure the femoral head.

Back 82

round

Front 83

_____ is secreted by the synovial membrane of the joint capsule and fills the bursae

Back 83

Synovial fluid

Front 84

Which of the following muscles is the prime mover in spitting out a mouthful of liquid?
-platysma
-buccinator
-risorius
-masseter
-palatoglossus

Back 84

buccinator

Front 85

Each muscle fiber has a sleeve of areolar connective tissue around it called ____

Back 85

the endomysium

Front 86

Which of these is not a suprahyoid muscle?
geniolglossus
geniohyoid
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
digastric

Back 86

genioglossus

Front 87

Which of these muscles is an extensor of the neck?
external oblique
sternocleidomastoid
splenius capitis
iliocostalis
latissimus dorsi

Back 87

splenius capitis

Front 88

Which of theses muscles of the pelvic floor is the deepest?
Superficial transverse perineal
bulbospongiosus
ischiocavernosus
deep transverse perineal
levator ani

Back 88

levator ani

Front 89

Which of these actions is not performed by the trapezius?
extension of the neck
depression of the scapula
elevation of the scapula
rotation of the scapula
adduction of the humerus

Back 89

adduction of the humerus

Front 90

Both the hands and feet are acted upon by a muscle called ____.

Back 90

the abductor digiti minimi

Front 91

Which of the following muscles does not extend the hip joint?
quadriceps femoris
gluteus maximus
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

Back 91

quadriceps femoris

Front 92

Both the gastrocnemius and ___ muscles insert on the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon.

Back 92

plantaris

Front 93

Which of the following muscles raises the upper lip?
Levator palpebrae superioris
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus minor
masseter
mentalis

Back 93

zygomaticus minor

Front 94

The ___ of a muscle is the point where it attaches to a relatively stationary bone.

Back 94

origin

Front 95

A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium is called a ____.

Back 95

fascicle

Front 96

The ___ is the muscle that generates the most force in a given joint movement.

Back 96

prime mover

Front 97

The three large muscles on the posterior side of the thigh are commonly known as the ____ muscles.

Back 97

hamstring

Front 98

Connective tissue bands called ____ prevent flexor tendons of the forearm and leg from rising like bowstrings.

Back 98

flexor retinacula

Front 99

The anterior half of the perineum is a region called the _____.

Back 99

urogenital triangle

Front 100

The abdominal aponeuroses converge on a median fibrosus band on the abdomen called the ___.

Back 100

linea alba

Front 101

A muscle that works with another to produce the same or similar movement is called a ____.

Back 101

synergist

Front 102

A muscle somewhat like a feather, with fibers obliquely approaching its tendon from both sides, is called a ____ muscle.

Back 102

bipennate

Front 103

A circular muscle that closes a body opening is called a _____.

Back 103

sphincter

Front 104

Cutting the phrenic nerves would paralyze the prime mover of _____.

Back 104

respiration

Front 105

The orbicularis oculi is a _____.

Back 105

sphincter

Front 106

To push someone away from you, you would use the serratus anterior more than the _____.

Back 106

trapezius.

Front 107

Both the extensor _____ and extensor ____ extend the little finger.

Back 107

Digitorium; digiti minimi

Front 108

Curling the toes employs the _____.

Back 108

Quadratus plantae

Front 109

The trapezius is _____ to the scalenes

Back 109

superficial

Front 110

Normal exhalation_____ employ these muscles

Back 110

does not

Front 111

Any point where two bones meet is called a ____.

Back 111

Joint

Front 112

The science of joint structure, function, and dysfunction is called ______.

Back 112

Arthrology

Front 113

The study of musculoskeletal movement is

Back 113

Kinesiology

Front 114

A broad variety of movements and mechanical processes in the body.

Back 114

Biomechanics

Front 115

The name of a joint is typically derived from the ______.

Back 115

The names of the bones involved.

Front 116

An immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and they become, in effect, a single bone is a ______.

Back 116

Bony Joint (Synostosis)

Front 117

A point which adjacent bones are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them, and penetrate into the other is a _____.

Back 117

Fibrous joint also called a synarthrosis or synarthrodial joint

Front 118

Appear as wavy lines along which the adjoining bones firmly interlock with each other by their serrated margins.

Back 118

Serrate sutures

Front 119

______ occur where tow bones have overlapping beveled edges, like a miter joint in carpentry.

Back 119

Lap sutures

Front 120

On the surface, a lap suture appears as a relatively ____.

Back 120

smooth line

Front 121

_______ occur where two bones have straight non-overlapping edges.

Back 121

Plane sutures