Anatomy And Physiology - Chapter 6 Review (Jbyram)

Front 1

1) Functions of the skeletal system include all of the following, except
A) Support.
B) Blood cell production.
C) Storage.
D) Movement.
E) Protection.

Back 1

D) Movement.

Front 2

2) The humerus is an example of a (n) ________ bone.
A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular
E) sesamoid

Back 2

A) long

Front 3

3) The ankle bones are examples of ________ bones.
A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular
E) sesamoid

Back 3

B) short

Front 4

4) The sternum is an example of a (n) ________ bone.
A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular
E) sesamoid

Back 4

C) flat

Front 5

5) The vertebrae are examples of ________ bones.
A) Long
B) Short
C) Flat
D) Irregular
E) sesamoid

Back 5

D) Irregular

Front 6

6) Mature bone cells are called
A) Chondrocytes.
B) Osteoblasts.
C) Osteons.
D) Osteocytes.
E) Osteoclasts.

Back 6

D) Osteocytes.

Front 7

7) Cells that synthesize the organic components of the bone matrix are called
A) Osteocytes.
B) Osteoprogenitor cells.
C) Osteoclasts.
D) Chondrocytes.
E) Osteoblasts.

Back 7

E) Osteoblasts.

Front 8

8) Large, multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are called
A) Chondrocytes.
B) Osteoprogenitor cells.
C) Osteoclasts.
D) Osteocytes.
E) Osteoblasts.

Back 8

C) Osteoclasts.

Front 9

9) In the process of osteolysis,
A) New bone is formed.
B) An organic framework is formed.
C) Fractured bones repair themselves.
D) Osteoblasts form the osteoid that is later calcified.
E) The bony matrix is dissolved to release the stored minerals.

Back 9

E) The bony matrix is dissolved to release the stored minerals.

Front 10

1) Bone contains all of the following, except
A) Calcium phosphate.
B) Chondroitin sulfate.
C) Hydroxyapatite.
D) Calcium carbonate.
E) Collagen fibers.

Back 10

B) Chondroitin sulfate.

Front 11

11) The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called
A) Canaliculi.
B) Marrow cavities.
C) Lamellae.
D) Lacunae.
E) Matrices.

Back 11

A) Canaliculi.

Front 12

12) The central canal of an osteon contains
A) Concentric lamellae.
B) Blood vessels.
C) Osteocytes.
D) Bone marrow.
E) Lacunae.

Back 12

B) Blood vessels.

Front 13

13) The tiny plates of bone material found in spongy bone are called
A) Lacunae.
B) Interstitial lamellae.
C) Concentric lamellae.
D) Osteons.
E) Trabeculae.

Back 13

E) Trabeculae.

Front 14

14) The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from a limited range of directions is ________ bone.
A) spongy
B) lamellar
C) irregular
D) compact
E) trabecular

Back 14

D) compact

Front 15

15) The medullary cavity of bones contains
A) Cartilage.
B) Osteons.
C) Periosteum.
D) Marrow.
E) Compact bone.

Back 15

D) Marrow.

Front 16

16) A shallow, basinlike depression in a bone is termed a
A) Facet.
B) Sulcus.
C) Fossa.
D) Line.
E) Fissure.

Back 16

C) Fossa.

Front 17

17) Large rounded projection; may be roughened
A) Tuberosity
B) Trochanter
C) Tubercle
D) Crest
E) Process

Back 17

A) Tuberosity

Front 18

18) Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
A) Tuberosity
B) Trochanter
C) Tubercle
D) Crest
E) Line

Back 18

D) Crest

Front 19

19) Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
A) Tuberosity
B) Trochanter
C) Tubercle
D) Crest
E) Process

Back 19

B) Trochanter

Front 20

20) Small rounded projection or process
A) Tuberosity
B) Trochanter
C) Tubercle
D) Crest
E) Process

Back 20

C) Tubercle

Front 21

21) Raised area on or above a condyle
A) Epicondyle
B) Condyle
C) Candy
D) Crest
E) Process

Back 21

A) Epicondyle

Front 22

22) Sharp, slender, often pointes projection
A) Spine
B) Crest
C) Process
D) Sinus
E) Ramus

Back 22

A) Spine

Front 23

23) Prominence or projection
A) Tuberosity
B) Trochanter
C) Tubercle
D) Crest
E) Process

Back 23

E) Process

Front 24

24) Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
A) Head
B) Neck
C) Body
D) Facet
E) Condyle

Back 24

A) Head

Front 25

25) Smooth, nearly flat articular surface
A) Facet
B) Fissure
C) foramen
D) Crest
E) Process

Back 25

A) Facet

Front 26

26) Rounded articular projection
A) Condyle
B) Epicondyle
C) Tubercle
D) Crest
E) Process

Back 26

A) Condyle

Front 27

27) Arm like bar of bone
A) Line
B) Crest
C) Ramus
D) Branch
E) Ramon

Back 27

C) Ramus

Front 28

28) Space within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
A) Sinus
B) Cavity
C) Foramen
D) Groove
E) fossa

Back 28

A) Sinus

Front 29

29) Narrow, slitlike opening
A) Fissure
B) Foramen
C) Groove
D) Sinus
E) crest

Back 29

A) Fissure

Front 30

30) Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
A) Line
B) Fissure
C) Fossa
D) Spine
E) ramus

Back 30

A) Line

Front 31

31) Round or oval opening through a bone is termed a
A) Canaliculus.
B) Sinus.
C) Foramen.
D) Fossa.
E) Fissure.

Back 31

C) Foramen.

Front 32

32) A lack of exercise would
A) Have no effect on a bone.
B) Cause bones to store more calcium.
C) Result in thin and brittle bones.
D) Increase the length of a bone.
E) Cause bones to become thicker.

Back 32

C) Result in thin and brittle bones.

Front 33

33) The shaft of a long bone is called the
A) Metaphysis.
B) Diaphysis.
C) Epiphyseal plate.
D) Lamella.
E) Epiphysis.

Back 33

B) Diaphysis.

Front 34

34) The lining of the marrow cavity is called the
A) Epimysium.
B) Perimysium.
C) Periosteum.
D) Endosteum.
E) Perichondrium.

Back 34

D) Endosteum.

Front 35

35) Calcification refers to the
A) Repair of fractured bones.
B) Deposition of calcium salts within a bone.
C) Release of calcium from bone.
D) Deposition of calcium salts within a tissue.
E) Formation of new bone tissue.

Back 35

D) Deposition of calcium salts within a tissue.

Front 36

36) The smooth, rounded or oval articular process of a bone is termed a
A) Trochlea.
B) Head.
C) Crest.
D) Ridge
E) Condyle.

Back 36

E) Condyle.

Front 37

37) A small round projection of a bone is termed a
A) Ramus.
B) Trochanter.
C) Facet.
D) Tuberosity.
E) Tubercle.

Back 37

E) Tubercle.

Front 38

38) A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is
A) Osteopenia.
B) Osteitis.
C) Osteomalacia.
D) Osteoporosis.
E) Osteomyelitis.

Back 38

D) Osteoporosis.

Front 39

39) Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of
A) A fibrous connective-tissue model.
B) A calcified model.
C) A cartilage model.
D) A membranous model.
E) No model at all, just the presence of osteoblasts.

Back 39

C) A cartilage model.

Front 40

40) The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification.
1. Blood vessels invade the perichondrium.
2. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity.
3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify.
4. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone.
5. The perichondrium is converted into a periosteum and the inner layer produces bone.
The correct order for these events is
A) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2.
B) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2.
C) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2.
D) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2.
E) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4.

Back 40

B) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2.

Front 41

41) Secondary ossification centers occur
A) In the dermis of the skin.
B) In the medullary cavity of the diaphysis.
C) At the outer surface of the diaphysis.
D) In the center of the epiphyses.
E) At the surface of the epiphyses.

Back 41

D) In the center of the epiphyses.

Front 42

42) When production of sex hormones increases, bone growth
A) Accelerates rapidly.
B) Increases, but only in thickness.
C) Slows down.
D) Is not affected.
E) Increases slowly.

Back 42

A) Accelerates rapidly.

Front 43

43) The most abundant mineral in the human body is
A) Potassium.
B) Sodium.
C) Sulfur.
D) Calcium.
E) Phosphorus.

Back 43

D) Calcium.

Front 44

44) Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
A) Testosterone.
B) Calcitonin.
C) Thyroid hormone.
D) Parathyroid hormone.
E) Growth hormone.

Back 44

B) Calcitonin.

Front 45

45) Osteoclast-activating factor does all of the following, except that it
A) Increases the activity of osteoclasts.
B) Is released in larger concentrations earlier in life.
C) Is released by some cancer tumors.
D) Increases the number of osteoclasts in bone.
E) Produces a severe osteoporosis.

Back 45

B) Is released in larger concentrations earlier in life.

Front 46

46) The hormone calcitonin functions to
A) Stimulate both osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
B) Decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.
C) Decrease the rate of calcium excretion.
D) Decrease the rate of calcium absorption.
E) Stimulate osteoclast activity.

Back 46

B) Decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood.

Front 47

47) Parathyroid hormone functions in all of the following ways, except it
A) Decreases the rate of calcium excretion.
B) Stimulates osteoclast activity.
C) Stimulates osteoblast activity.
D) Raises the level of calcium ion in the blood.
E) Increases the rate of calcium absorption.

Back 47

C) Stimulates osteoblast activity.

Front 48

48) Small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between some of the large flat bones of the skull are called ________ bones.
A) tendon
B) sagittal
C) sesamoid
D) Sutural
E) irregular

Back 48

D) Sutural

Front 49

49) A large rough projection of a bone (found only on the femur) is termed a
A) Tubercle.
B) Trochanter.
C) Tuberosity.
D) Ramus.
E) Condyle.

Back 49

B) Trochanter.

Front 50

50) Excess growth hormone prior to puberty would result in
A) Dwarfism.
B) Osteopenia.
C) Rickets.
D) Giantism.
E) Osteoporosis.

Back 50

D) Giantism.

Front 51

51) Factors that are necessary for proper bone formation include all of the following, except
A) Vitamin D.
B) Vitamin C.
C) The hormone thyroxine.
D) Vitamin A.
E) Vitamin E.

Back 51

E) Vitamin E.

Front 52

52) Vitamin D is necessary for
A) Collagen formation.
B) Increasing osteoclast activity.
C) The formation of the organic framework of bone.
D) Absorption and transport of calcium and phosphate ions.
E) Reducing osteoblast activity.

Back 52

D) Absorption and transport of calcium and phosphate ions.

Front 53

53) The following are steps in the process of bone repair.
1. Cells of the periosteum and endosteum divide rapidly.
2. A fracture hematoma forms.
3. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts remodel the region of the injury.
4. An external callus encircles the bone at the level of the fracture and an internal callus organizes within the marrow cavity.
5. Osteoblasts replace the central cartilages with spongy bone.
6. Cells at the center of the callus differentiate into chondrocytes and cells at the edges of the callus differentiate into osteoblasts.
The correct order of these events is:
A) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3.
B) 1, 2, 4, 6, 5, 3.
C) 3, 2, 1, 4, 6, 5.
D) 1, 4, 2, 5, 6, 3.
E) 2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3.

Back 53

E) 2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3.

Front 54

54) ________ Fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin.
A) Open
B) Closed
C) Recurrent
D) Compound
E) both B and D

Back 54

B) Closed

Front 55

55) A fracture where the shaft of one bone is broken and the adjacent bone is bent is best described as a ________ fracture.
A) Colles'
B) Greenstick
C) Compression
D) Displaced
E) Pott's

Back 55

B) Greenstick

Front 56

56) Bones that develop within tendons are called ________ bones.
A) Sutural
B) tendon
C) Wormian
D) Irregular
E) sesamoid

Back 56

E) sesamoid

Front 57

57) The basic functional units of mature compact bone are called
A) Canaliculi.
B) Osteons.
C) Lacunae.
D) Osteocytes.
E) Lamellae.

Back 57

B) Osteons.

Front 58

58) The deposition of calcium salts in tissues other than bone is referred to as
A) Calcification.
B) Remodeling.
C) Endochondral ossification.
D) Intramembranous ossification.
E) Osteogenesis.

Back 58

A) Calcification.

Front 59

59) A child with rickets would have
A) Oversized facial bones.
B) Weak, brittle bones.
C) Bowed legs.
D) Long limbs.
E) Inadequate muscle development.

Back 59

C) Bowed legs.

Front 60

60) ________ Bones develop inside tendons and are most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet.
A) Irregular
B) Flat
C) Long
D) Short
E) Sesamoid

Back 60

E) Sesamoid

Front 61

61) The patella is an example of a (n) ________ bone.
A) Sesamoid
B) long
C) short
D) irregular
E) flat

Back 61

A) Sesamoid

Front 62

62) If a human femur is found lying in a field, a pathologist can determine the age, sex, and general appearance of the individual as a result of studying which part of the bone?
A) surface features
B) marrow
C) tubercle
D) trochanter
E) head

Back 62

A) surface features

Front 63

63) The innermost part of compact bone is known as the
A) Medullary cavity.
B) Metaphysis.
C) Spongy bone.
D) Diaphysis.
E) Epiphysis.

Back 63

A) Medullary cavity.

Front 64

64) Which of the following is a characteristic of bone?
A) Narrow passageways form through the matrix to allow for an exchange of nutrients.
B) The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts.
C) The matrix of the bone is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C

Back 64

E) both A and C

Front 65

65) ________ accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone.
A) Collagen fibers
B) Fluoride
C) Calcium phosphate
D) Calcium carbonate
E) Ca(OH)2

Back 65

C) Calcium phosphate

Front 66

66) The ________ interactions allow bones to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.
A) collagen fiber
B) calcium phosphate crystal
C) hydroxyapatite crystal
D) protein crystal
E) mineral crystal

Back 66

D) protein crystal

Front 67

67) The most abundant cell types found in the bone are
A) Osteoblasts.
B) Osteoprogenitor cells.
C) Osteocytes.
D) Osteolytes.
E) Osteoclasts.

Back 67

C) Osteocytes.

Front 68

68) ________ Cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.
A) Osteoblast
B) Osteoid
C) Osteocyte
D) Osteoprogenitor
E) Osteoclast

Back 68

D) Osteoprogenitor

Front 69

1) In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are
A) Posterior.
B) Anterior.
C) Parallel.
D) Proximal.
E) Distal.

Back 69

C) Parallel.

Front 70

70) The femur can withstand ________ times the body weight without breaking.
A) 10 to 15
B) 3
C) 20
D) 5 to 10
E) 8

Back 70

A) 10 to 15

Front 71

71) ________ Marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone.
A) Gray
B) Yellow
C) Bone
D) White
E) Red

Back 71

E) Red

Front 72

72) ________ Bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and makes it easier for muscles to move the bones.
A) Irregular
B) Spongy
C) Sesamoid
D) Short
E) Long

Back 72

B) Spongy

Front 73

73) Intramembranous ossification begins with the ________ cells.
A) osteoclast
B) osteoprogenitor
C) mesenchymal
D) osteocytes

Back 73

C) mesenchymal

Front 74

74) In which step of endochondral ossification does remodeling of the bone occur?
A) step 1, cartilage enlargement
B) step 2, blood vessel formation around cartilage edges
C) step 3, blood vessel penetration of cartilage and central region
D) step 4, growth and marrow cavity creation
E) both B and D

Back 74

D) step 4, growth and marrow cavity creation

Front 75

75) What is the primary source for calcitriol in the body?
A) bone
B) thyroid gland
C) liver
D) parathyroid gland
E) kidneys

Back 75

E) kidneys

Front 76

76) The most abundant mineral in the body is
A) Iron.
B) Calcium.
C) Phosphorus.
D) Potassium.
E) Sodium.

Back 76

B) Calcium.

Front 77

77) Bone is composed of ________ percent calcium.
A) 10
B) 39
C) 63
D) 25
E) 50

Back 77

B) 39

Front 78

78) While on a school skiing trip in Colorado, Heidi falls and breaks her femur. What would you expect to see as a part of her nursing assessment several hours after the fall?
A) hypertension
B) cyanosis
C) tachycardia
D) erythema
E) hematoma

Back 78

E) hematoma

Front 79

79) The lacunae of bone contain
A) Osteons.
B) Osteocytes.
C) Chondroblasts.
D) Bone marrow.
E) Blood cells.

Back 79

B) Osteocytes.

Front 80

80) How would increasing the proportion of organic molecules to inorganic components in the bony matrix affect the physical characteristics of bone?
A) The bone would be less flexible.
B) The bones would be stronger.
C) The bones would be more flexible.
D) The bones would be less compressible.
E) The bones would be more brittle.

Back 80

C) The bones would be more flexible.

Front 81

81) In compact bone, the osteons
A) Are lined up in the same direction.
B) Are arranged in an irregular pattern.
C) Are lined up perpendicular to the long axis.
D) Are lacking in the diaphysis.
E) Are separated by medullary spaces.

Back 81

A) Are lined up in the same direction.

Front 82

82) The trabeculae of spongy bone
A) Are organized along stress lines.
B) Are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone.
C) Are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis.
D) Will collapse under stress.
E) Are composed mostly of cartilage.

Back 82

A) Are organized along stress lines.

Front 83

83) If the rate of osteolysis exceeds osteogenesis, bones will
A) Become demineralized.
B) Become stronger.
C) Grow.
D) Become thicker.
E) Become calcified.

Back 83

A) Become demineralized.

Front 84

84) During appositional growth
A) Bones grow wider.
B) Osteoblasts are inactive.
C) The epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis.
D) Bones grow longer.
E) Bone is replaced by cartilage.

Back 84

A) Bones grow wider.

Front 85

85) When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,
A) Long bones have reached their adult length.
B) Appositional bone growth begins.
C) The bone becomes more brittle.
D) Puberty begins.
E) Interstitial bone growth begins.

Back 85

A) Long bones have reached their adult length.

Front 86

86) When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the same rate as bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones
A) Grow longer.
B) Grow wider.
C) Become shorter.
D) Become thicker.
E) Become more porous and weaker.

Back 86

A) Grow longer.

Front 87

87) Premature closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by
A) Too little thyroxine.
B) Too much calcium in the diet.
C) Elevated levels of sex hormones.
D) High levels of vitamin D.
E) An excess of growth hormone.

Back 87

C) Elevated levels of sex hormones.

Front 88

88) In normal adult bones,
A) A portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year.
B) Stresses will have no effect on the thickness of bone.
C) Osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed.
D) Osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases.
E) There is no turnover of minerals.

Back 88

A) A portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year.

Front 89

89) Which is greater?
A) blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormone is increased
B) blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormone is decreased

Back 89

A) blood calcium levels when parathyroid hormone is increased

Front 90

90) The condition known as osteopenia
A) Is a viral disease.
B) Affects only long bones of the body.
C) Affects mostly women.
D) Is caused by too much vitamin D in the diet.
E) Causes a gradual reduction in bone mass.

Back 90

E) Causes a gradual reduction in bone mass.

Front 91

91) Degenerative changes in a joint can be the result of all of the following, except
A) Mechanical stress.
B) Inflammation.
C) Immobilization of a joint.
D) Bacterial infection.
E) Bursitis.

Back 91

E) Bursitis.

Front 92

92) Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show greater than normal demineralization. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone will she prescribe for her patient?
A) calcitonin
B) estrogen
C) thyroid hormone
D) parathyroid hormone
E) growth hormone

Back 92

B) estrogen

Front 93

93) Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would produce changes in the bone similar to those associated with
A) Osteomalacia.
B) Osteomyelitis.
C) Rickets.
D) Paget's disease.
E) Osteitis.

Back 93

A) Osteomalacia.

Front 94

94) Todd is 13 and lives in an urban apartment. He spends most of his time watching TV and eating "junk" food. One afternoon, during recess, he falls on the playground and breaks his leg. Although he appears to be healthy, his leg takes longer to heal than expected. What might be the cause of the longer healing time?
A) Todd's problem is probably related to his poor diet.
B) Insufficient quantities of protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin D would cause the normal healing process to occur at a much slower rate.
C) Todd's inactivity may also contribute to his slower rate of healing.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Back 94

D) All of the above

Front 95

95) Would you expect to see changes in blood levels of the hormones calcitonin and PTH as a result of vitamin D3 deficiency?
A) A person deficient in vitamin D3 would not be able to absorb calcium effectively from the digestive tract
B) To maintain homeostasis, the decrease in blood calcium would trigger the release of PTH. The PTH, in turn, would stimulate osteoclasts to release enough calcium from the bone to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood.
C) Levels of calcitonin would probably decrease, because this hormone lowers blood calcium levels and would aggravate the situation caused by the vitamin D3 deficiency.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Back 95

D) All of the above

Front 96

96) If a human femur is found lying in a field, a pathologist can determine the age, sex, and general appearance of the individual as a result of studying which part of the bone?
A) head
B) marrow
C) tubercle
D) surface features
E) trochanter

Back 96

D) surface features

Front 97

97) The expanded articular end of an epiphysis that is separated from the shaft by a narrower neck is termed a (n) ________.
A) Head
B) Neck
C) Diaphysis

Back 97

A) Head

Front 98

98) Mature bone cells are called
A) Osteocytes.
B) Osteoclasts.
C) Osteoblasts.
D) Chondrocytes.
E) Osteons.
F) compact; spongy

Back 98

A) Osteocytes.

Front 99

99) Which of the following groups of bones in the human body, categorized according to shape, is correct:
A) wrist and ankle bones - long bones
B) arm and leg bones - short bones
C) facial bones - flat bones
D) coxal bones - irregular bones
E) cranium - round bones

Back 99

D) coxal bones - irregular bones

Front 100

100) The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called:
A) Volkmann’s canals
B) a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage
C) Sharpey’s fibers
D) endochondral bone
E) articular cartilage

Back 100

C) Sharpey’s fibers

Front 101

101) Red bone marrow functions to ________, whereas yellow bone marrow functions to ___________
A) produce adipose tissue; produce cells
B) produce cells; store fat tissue
C) provide osteocytes; produce blood cells
D) provide osteocytes; produce osteoblasts
E) provide osteoclasts; produce osteocytes

Back 101

B) produce cells; store fat tissue

Front 102

102) The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:
A) bone is dead
B) bone length is no longer increasing
C) bone diameter is increasing
D) bone diameter is decreasing
E) bone length is increasing

Back 102

E) bone length is increasing

Front 103

103) A prominent narrow ridge on a bone is a:
A) Tuberosity
B) Trochanter
C) Tubercie
D) Spine
E) Crest

Back 103

E) Crest

Front 104

104) An arm like bar of bone is called a(n):
A) Epicondyle
B) Line
C) Ramus
D) Facet
E) Condyle

Back 104

C) Ramus

Front 105

105) A narrow, slitlike opening on a bone is a:
A) Facet
B) Fossa
C) foramen
D) fissure
E) meatus

Back 105

D) fissure

Front 106

106) The canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains:
A) cartilage and lamellae
B) osteoclasts and osteoblasts
C) yellow marrow and Sharpey’s fibers
D) blood vessels and nerve fibers
E) red marrow

Back 106

D) blood vessels and nerve fibers

Front 107

107) The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called:
A) Lacunae
B) Volkmann’s canals
C) Haversian canals
D) Trabeculae
E) Lamellae

Back 107

A) Lacunae

Front 108

108) The process of long bone growth is controlled by ________, whereas bone remodeling is controlled by ______
A) osteoblasts; osteoclasts
B) vitamins; minerals
C) minerals; vitamins
D) growth hormone and sex hormones; osteoblasts and osteoclasts
E) osteoblasts and osteoclasts; growth hormone and sex hormones

Back 108

D) growth hormone and sex hormones; osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Front 109

109) There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages:
1. Bony callus formation
2. Bone remodeling
3. Fibrocartilage callus formation
4. Hematoma formation
A) 4,3,2, 1
B) 4, 3,1,2
C) 1,2, 3,4
D) 1,3,4,2
E) 1,3,2,4

Back 109

B) 4, 3,1,2

Front 110

110) A compound fracture can be described as when:
A) the bone is crushed
B) the broken bone ends are forced into each other
C) the broken bone is exposed to the outside
D) the bone is broken into many fragments
E) adjacent bones fracture simultaneously

Back 110

C) the broken bone is exposed to the outside

Front 111

111) A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is a:
A) compound fracture
B) simple fracture
C) comminuted fracture
D) compression fracture
E) greenstick fracture

Back 111

C) comminuted fracture

Front 112

112) A fracture that is common in children, whose bones have relatively more collagen in their matrix and are more flexible than those of adults, is a(n):
A) impacted fracture
B) spiral fracture
C) depressed fracture
D) greenstick fracture
E) open fracture

Back 112

D) greenstick fracture

Front 113

1) A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n):
A) impacted fracture
B) compression fracture
C) spiral fracture
D) depressed fracture
E) simple fracture

Back 113

B) compression fracture