Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
152 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anatomy |
the study of structure of an organism and the relationship of it's parts |
|
physiology |
the study of body function |
|
dissection |
cutting technique used to separate body parts for study |
|
disease |
any significant abnormality in the body's structure or function that disrupts a person's vial function or physical, mental, or social well being |
|
pathology |
scientific study of a disease |
|
organization |
the human body is organized into different levels of organization: chemical, cell, tissue, organ, system and body |
|
chemical level |
organization that includes atoms and molecules; the chemical substances that make up the body's structure |
|
theory or law |
a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence |
|
cells |
basic unit of the body consisting of a nucleus |
|
tissues |
a group of similar cells the perform a common function |
|
organ |
group of several tissue types that performs a special functions...ex.. heart, liver, kidney, |
|
systems |
a group of organs arranged so that the group can perform a more complex function than any one organ can perform alone....ex...respiratory system |
|
anatomical positions |
at the body is erect or standing with arms to the side and palms facing forward |
|
median |
middle of the body |
|
directional terms |
a term to give direction of a body part...ex...left, right, anterior, posterior, superior, inferior,,etc |
|
supine |
description of the body lying in a horizontal position facing upward |
|
prone |
description of the body position lying in a horizontal position facing downward |
|
superior |
higher, opposite of inferior |
|
inferior |
lower, opposite of superior |
|
anterior |
front or ventral |
|
posterior |
back or dorsal |
|
medial |
toward the middle; opposite of lateral |
|
lateral |
toward the side; opposite of medial |
|
proximal |
nearest the center of the body; opposite of distal |
|
distal |
toward the end(down) of a structure; opposite of proximal....hint...to dis someone means put them down from how they felt when they started |
|
sagittal plane |
longitudinal; like an arrow, ex...dissected long way or head to toe |
|
frontal plane or coronal plane |
divides the body in half between the front and the back or the anterior or posterior |
|
transverse plane |
travels across the body to divide it |
|
superficial wound |
close to the surface |
|
deep wound |
farther away from the surface |
|
What types of tests can we perform using the planes of the body? |
CT scans..MRI..ultrasounds |
|
homeostasis |
relative uniformity of the normal body's internal environment...uses positive and negative feedback loops...helps keep the body constant |
|
abdominal region |
anterior torso below diaphragm |
|
antebrachial region |
forearm |
|
axillary region |
armpit |
|
brachial region |
arm |
|
buccal region |
cheek |
|
carpel region |
wrist |
|
cephalic region |
head |
|
cervical region |
neck |
|
cranial region |
skull |
|
crual region |
leg |
|
cubical region |
elbow |
|
cutaneous |
skin or body surface |
|
digital region |
fingers and toes |
|
dorsal region |
back |
|
facial region |
face |
|
femoral region |
thigh |
|
frontal region |
forehead |
|
gluteal region |
buttock |
|
inguinal region |
groin |
|
lumbar region |
lower back between ribs and pelvis |
|
mammary region |
breast |
|
nasal region |
nose |
|
occipital region |
back of lower skull |
|
olecranal region |
back of elbow |
|
oral region |
mouth |
|
orbital region /ophthalmic |
eyes |
|
palmar region |
palm of hand |
|
pedal region |
foot |
|
pelvic region |
lower portion of the torso |
|
perineal region |
area between the anus and genitals |
|
plantar region |
sole of foot |
|
popliteal region |
area behind the knee |
|
suprclavicular region |
area above the clavicle....collar bone |
|
tarsal region |
ankle |
|
temporal region |
side of skull
|
|
thoracic region |
entire chest |
|
umbilical region |
area around navel or umbilicus |
|
volar region |
palm or sole |
|
zygomatic region |
upper cheek |
|
dorsal cavity |
contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity |
|
cranial cavity |
contains the brain |
|
spinal cavity |
contains the spinal cord |
|
cranial cavity |
contains the brain |
|
ventral cavity |
contains the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity |
|
thoracic cavity |
contains the lungs and the heart |
|
abdominal cavity |
contains all of the abdominal organs |
|
pelvic cavity |
contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs |
|
o |
oxygen |
|
C |
carbon |
|
H |
hydrogen |
|
N |
nitrogen |
|
Ca |
calcium |
|
P |
phosphorous |
|
Na |
sodium |
|
K |
Potassium |
|
Chlorine |
Cl |
|
I |
Iodine |
|
Major elements make up 96% of the body |
COHN Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, Nitrogen |
|
ions or electolytes |
Sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, hydrogen, magnesium, hydroxide, phosphate, bicarbonate |
|
ionic bond |
chemical bond formed by the positive negative attraction between two ions...ex...like they are dating opposites attract...these bonds break apart in water to make electrolytes |
|
covalent bond |
a chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons..ex..like a married couple sharing...are not easily broken in water |
|
dehydration synthesis reaction |
chemical reaction in which water is removed from small molecules so they can be strung together to form a larger molecule |
|
hydrolysis reaction |
a reaction in which water is added to subunits of a large molecule to break it apart into smaller molecules |
|
ph of blood |
7.35-7.45 |
|
acids |
any substance that, when dissolved in water, contributes to an access of h+ ions (that is a low pH) 7.0 and lower |
|
bases or alkaline |
a chemical that, when dissolved in water, reduces the the relative concentration of H+ .....7.0 and up |
|
functions of water in the body |
it is essential for life, it is a solvent, ex. babies are 80% and adults are 50-60% |
|
neutral pH |
7.0 |
|
buffers |
form chemical systems that absorb excess acids or bases and thus maintain a relatively stable pH |
|
What is the relationship between cholesterol and steroids? |
molecules have a steroid structure made up of multiple rings; cholesterol stabilizes the phospholipid tails in cellular membranes and i also converted into steroid hormones by the body |
|
protiens |
very large molecules made up of amino acids..held together by peptide bonds |
|
enzymes |
chemilock and key modelcal catalysts; ; lock and key; speeds it up; ex...you would mix lactase with lactose...etc |
|
nucleic acids |
DNA and RNA |
|
DNA |
form a double helix, used as the cells master code, uses deoxyribose and sugar, and contains A-T-C-G bases...hint I am glad mom made me and not u |
|
RNA |
temporary working copy of a gene; uses ribose and sugar, and contains A-U-C-G bases |
|
glycogen |
polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose molecules; animal starch |
|
leg |
lower extremity between the knee and ankle and not to the entire lower extremity |
|
catalyst |
a chemical that speeds up a reaction and doesn't change itself |
|
dehydration |
water is removed |
|
hydration |
water is added |
|
What is the precursor to steroids? |
cholesterol |
|
polysaccharide |
a glucose that is stored in the liver, made of many monosaccharides ex. glycogen and starch; stored in the body |
|
electrons |
are found in the electron ring or shell and are negative |
|
atomic mass |
number of protons and neutrons combined |
|
atomic number |
number of protons in the nucleus |
|
strong acid |
an acid that almost completely splits to form H+ ions in a solution |
|
weak acid |
splits very little and forms very little H+ ions in a solution |
|
monsaccharide |
basic unit of carbohydrate molecules...ex...gucose, galactose, and fructose |
|
disaccharide |
double sugar made of two monosaccharides...ex..sucrose, lactose, maltose |
|
structural proteins |
collagen and keratin |
|
collogen |
a fibrous protein that holds many tissues together |
|
keratin |
forms tough, waterproof fibers in the outer layer of the skin |
|
functional proteins |
participate in chemical processes of the body...ex..hormones...cell membrane channels and receptors, and enzymes |
|
triglycerides |
joined by 3 fatty acids...store fat for later use..ex..what makes us gain weight |
|
phospholipids |
has phosphorus with a head and two tails; head attracts to water and the tail tries to stay away from water...used to form the membrane of the cell |
|
protons |
positive and in the nucleus |
|
neutrons |
neural in the nucleus |
|
electrons |
negative charge and in the electron shell |
|
Where can you find hydrogen bonds? |
water, DNA, and protions |
|
How are covalent bonds used in the Body? |
they are organic compounds found in the body |
|
A cell membrane means the same as.... |
the plasma membrane |
|
positive feedback |
ex...childbirth and blood clotting (vitamin K) |
|
effector |
any organ that has an effect on the body's internal environment in response to the feedback; ex...voluntary and involuntary muscle...the heart...and the glands |
|
sensor |
a part of homeostatic feedback loop that detects changes in the body...example thermostat |
|
negative feedback |
homeostatic control system in which information feeding back to the control center causes the level of a variable to be changed in the direction opposite to that of the initial stimulus ex...if you are in the cold and shiver it warms you and if are hot you sweat and it cools you |
|
thermostat in the feedback process |
control center |
|
right upper quadrant |
gall bladder |
|
right lower quadrant |
appendix |
|
left upper quadrant |
stomach |
|
left lower quadrant |
small intestines |
|
ion charges |
ions gain a an electron they are positive, if they lose an electron they are negative |
|
pleural |
lungs |
|
appendicular |
upper and lower extremities; limbs ex...arms and legs |
|
What word comes from cutting apart? |
anatomy |
|
Aqueous solution |
when water |
|
reactants |
combine to form a larger product |
|
types of carbohydrates |
monosaccharide, glycogen, sucrose |
|
types of lipids |
cholesterol tryglyceride,and phospholipid |
|
types of proteins |
amino acid, contain cohn |
|
types of nucleic acids |
DNA, RNA, |