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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Toward the mid line of a structure
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Medial
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Back, in back of
Same as dorsal in humans |
Posterior
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This system contains structures such as Penal gland, hypothalamus, thymus gland and parathyroid gland
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Endocrine system
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These two systems are responsible for communication, integration, and control in the body
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Endocrine and Nervous
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This system is responsible for secretion of special substances called hormones directly into the blood.
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Endocrine
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What are the 4 structures that make up the nervous system?
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Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs
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Toward the feet, lower or below
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Inferior
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Toward the head, upper or above
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Superior
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Lengthwise plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior sections (front and back)
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Frontal Plane or Coronal Plane
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What is another name for the frontal plane?
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Coronal Plane
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Sagital plane that divides the body into two equal halves
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Midsagital Plane
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A stimulatory event that increase in intensity till acted upon to stop
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Positive Feedback
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The two structures in this system are bones and joints
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Skeletal system
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What are the four functions of the skeletal system?
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Protection, Regulation of body temperature, storage of minerals, blood cell formation
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What cavity contains the brain?
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Cranial Cavity
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A change in a condition to return to homeostasis
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Negative feedback
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Horizontal Plan that divides a structure into upper and lower sections
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Transverse plane
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Standing erect with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward
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Anatomical Position
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Organization of various cells
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Tissues
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Organization of various chemicals
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cells
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The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts
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anatomy
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the study of living organisms and their parts
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physiology
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Electroylyte balance, cleanining of wastes from the body, water balance and _____ make up the ______ system
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Acid Base balance
Urinary System |
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What four structures are located in the urinary system?
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Kidney, uretha, urinary bladder, ureters
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Which of the following organs is classified as an accessory organ of the digestive system?
a. mouth b. tongue c. anal canal d. stomach e. pancreas f. teeth |
B. Tongue
E. Pancreas F. Teeth |
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This system is responsible for transportation and immunity
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Lynphatic System
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What are the three types of muscles?
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Striated (voluntary)
Smooth (involuntary) Cardiac |
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Front, in front of. Also know as ventral in humans
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Anterior
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Organization of different kinds of organs
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System
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Organization of different tissues
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organs
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Divides the structure into right and left sections. Runs lengthwise
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Sagital Plane
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Farther away from the body surfcae
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deep
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Nearer to the body surface
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superficial
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away from or farthest from the trunk farthest from a structure's point of origin
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distal
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toward or nearest to the trunk the nearest point or origin of a structure
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proximal
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forward position
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prone
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deteriation from non use
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atrophy
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What are the four functions of the integumentary system?
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protection
regulation of body temperature synthesis of chemicals sense organ |
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What are the four quadrants of the adbominopelvic cavity?
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Right Upper Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant Left Upper Quadrant Left lower quadrant |
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What are the three upper regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Right hypochondriac
Epigastral Left hypochondriac |
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What are the three lower regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Right Iliac
Hypogastric Left Iliac |
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What are the three middle regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Right Lumbar
Umbilical Left Lumbar |
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What cavity contains the lungs?
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Pleural Cavity
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What is located in the Mediastinum?
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Heart and Trachea
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What cavity is the mediastinum located in?
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Thoracic
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What two cavaties are dorsal?
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Cranial and Spinal
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Cavity that contains the spinal cord
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Spinal Cavity
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Away from the midline or towards the side of a structure
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Lateral
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____, ____, ____, sense receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands make up the ____ system
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skin, hair nails
Integumentary system |
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relative constancy of the internal enviroment
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homeostasis
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this region includes the head, neck, and torso/trunk
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axial region
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What is located in the appendicular region?
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upper and lower extremities
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what do all organs function to maintain?
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homeostasis
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What system is responsible for transportation, regulation of body temperature, and immunity?
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Cardiovascular
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What are the three main parts of a cell?
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Nucleus
Cytoplasma Plasma Membrane |
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The four main kinds of tissues that primarily compose the body's organs
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Epithelia
Connective Muscle Nervous |
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What is the shape of a squamous cell?
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Flat, scale like
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Which blood cells perform phagocytosis?
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White blood cells
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What type of transport does not need any energy?
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Passive Transport
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What type of transport needs energy?
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Active Transport
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Columinar cells are shaped like what?
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Columns
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This type of cell is cube shaped
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Cuboidal
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These cells have various shapes that stretch
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Transitional
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What organelle can attach to rough ER or lie free in cytoplasm
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Ribosomes
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What is another name for the protein factories in the cell?
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Ribosomes
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The power plant of the cell is called the ____.
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Mitochondria
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What is the only example of flagella in humans?
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Tails of sperm cells
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Particles moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration, that is a passive process
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Diffusion
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The diffusion of water is called ______.
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Osmosis
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What is used to incorporate fluids or dissolved substances into cells?
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Pinocytosis
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what is a protective mechanism often used to destroy bacteria?
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Phagocytosis
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What are the two active transport systems that are known as "eating" and "drinking"
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Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
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What dictates the formation of enzymes and other proteins by ribosomes, thereby indirectly determining a cell's structure and function?
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Genes
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What are heredity determinants?
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Genes
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What is the process that takes place inside the nucleus as DNA breaks apart and the mRNA forms?
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Transcription
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What process happens outside the nucleus as the mRNA attatches itself to ribosomes?
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Translation
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What is the first fold called?
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Primary
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What is RER and what is associcated with it?
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Rough endoplasmic recticulum
proteins |
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what is SER and what is typically associated with it?
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Smooth endoplasmic recticulum
Lipids |
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this is a process in cell division that distributes identical dna molecules to each new cell formed when the original cell divides
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Mitosis
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What is the first stage of Mitosis?
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Prophase
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Chromatin granules become organized
chromosomes (pairs of linked chromatids) appear Centrioles move away from the nucleaus Nuclear envelope dissapears spindle fibers appear Are characteristics of what stage of mitosis? |
Prophase
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What is the second stage of mitosis
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Metaphase
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chromosomes align across the center of the cell
spindle fibers attach themselves to each chromatid are characteristics of what phase of mitosis? |
Metaphase
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What is the third stage of mitosis
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Anaphase
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Centromeres break apart
Separated chromatids Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell Cleavage furrow develops at the end of ________ |
Anaphase
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What is the fourth stage of mitosis?
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Telophase
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cell division is complete
Nuclei appear in daughter cells Nuclear envelop and nucleoli appear Cytokinsis takes place Daughter cells become functional is what stage in Mitosis? |
Telophase
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What is the process when cytoplasma is divided in the telophase stage of mitosis?
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Cytokinesis
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Cells are classified by arrangement into one or more layers. This is known as ___ and ____
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Simple and Stratified
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What is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body?
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Connective
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What connective tissue is the glue that holds organs together?
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Areolar
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Lipid storage is the primary function of this connective tissue
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Adipose
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strong fibers, example is tendors (connective tissue)
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Fibrous
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Bone, cartlidge, and blood are all examples of ____ tissue
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Connective
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What is another name for skeletal muscles?
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Voluntary or striated
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What type of muscle is found only in the heart
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Cardiac
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What is another name for a smooth muscle?
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involuntary
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What two particles are found in the nucleus?
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Proton and Neutron
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What is the positive particle in the nucleus called?
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Proton
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What particle has no charge?
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Neutron
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What particle has a negative charge and is involved in chemical bonding?
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Electron
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Atomic weight is the number of ____ plus the number of _____ in one atom
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Protons + Neutrons
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A bond typically between a metal and nonmetal that dissassociates in water
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Ionic Bond
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A ___ ion has lost electrons
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Positive
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A ___ ion has gained electrons
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Negative Ion
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What bond typically does not dissassociate in water. Typically formed between two non metals
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Covalent Bonds
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A synthesis process that removes water
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Dehydration
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a chemical reaction in which water is added
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Hydrolysis
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a pH of 6.9 and below where the Hydronium ion (H+) is high
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Acid
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a pH of 7.1 or higher where the Hydroxide ion (OH-) is high and the hydronium ion is low
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Base
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A reaction between and acid and base to form a salt and water
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Neutralization
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A chemical added to a reaction to absorb excess acid or base to maintain a stable pH
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Buffer
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What is the pH of water and what is it called?
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7 Neautral
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What three elements make up carbohydrates?
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Carbon - C
Hydrogen - H Oxygen - O |
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what is another name for a simple sugar?
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Monosaccharide
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what is a double sugar made up of two monosaccharide units?
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Disaccharide
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Sucrose and lactose are examples of a _____.
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Disaccharide
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A _____ carbohydrate is made up of many monosaccharide units
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complex
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Another name for a complex carbohydrate
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Polysaccharide
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The fuction of _____ is to store energy for later use
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carbohydrates
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another name for a fat
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Lipid
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This lipid has one end that attracts water and the other end repels water
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Phospholipid
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What are catalysts that help chemical reactions to occur
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enzymes
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What is a cell's master code?
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DNA
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What is the shape of DNA
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double helix
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What is the "working copy" of a gene?
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RNA
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What are substances that combine to form a new substance?
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Reactants
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What is another name for animal starch?
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Glycogen
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What lipid is found in cell membranes? *hint* water repel
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Phospholipid
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Atoms that have number of protons but different number of neutrons, thus having a different atomic weight
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Isotope
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Movement of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane by the process of diffusion
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Dialysis
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What are the ventral cavities?
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Thoracic, Adbominal, Pelvic, Mediastinum, Plueral
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smallest "living" unit of structure and function in the body
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cells
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What energy is used during active transport?
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ATP
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What structure is primarily used to move mucus?
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Cilia
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What is responsible for packaging for storage and transport?
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Golgi Apperatus
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Having a baby is an example of what type of feedback?
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Positive Feedback
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If you have 7 protons 7 neutrons and 9 electrons, what is the atomic weight of the atom?
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14 (protons + neutrons)
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If there are 14 protons 18 neutrons and 16 electrons, what is the charge on the atom?
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-2 (protons - electrons)
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If there are 14 protons, 16 neutrons, and 12 electrons, what is the atomic number of the atom?
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14 (protons)
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If there are 18 protons, 19 neutrons, and 16 electrons, what is the charge on the ion?
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+2 (protons - electrons)
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What ER will a phospholipid typically be found?
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Smooth ER
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Cholesterol in the cell membrane has what function?
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Structure
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Prefix Hepat/o
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liver
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Prefix Oste/o
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bone
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Prefix splen/o
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spleen
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Prefix ren/o
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kidney
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Prefix nephr/o
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kidney
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Prefix neur/o
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nerve
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Intracellular happens where?
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Inside the cell
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Amino acids contain what?
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Nitrogen
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What is the symbol for Nitrogen?
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N
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Cardi/o
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heart
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____ is the working copy of our ____
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RNA
DNA |
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What are the three structures found within an atomic, what are their functions, where are they located and what charge do they carry?
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Proton - atomic number and atomic weight - nucleus - positive
Neutron - atomic weight - nucleus - neutral Electron - electron/energy shells - negative |
