Anatomy And Physiology 1

Front 1

Define anatomical position

Back 1

The human body is erect, with feet only slightly apart, face forward, and palms up with arms slightly out.

Front 2

Define Supine

Back 2

Body is lying on back with palms up and face up.

Front 3

Define Prone

Back 3

Body is lying face down so you can only see back side of body

Front 4

Define Bilateral Symmetry

Back 4

Divding the body in half down the nose.

Front 5

Define Medial

Back 5

Towards the midline of the body

Front 6

Define Lateral

Back 6

Away/to the side of the median plane

Front 7

Define Superior

Back 7

Closer to the head

Front 8

Define Inferior

Back 8

Closer to the feet

Front 9

Define Proximal

Back 9

Nearer the trunk (talking of limbs)

Front 10

Define Distal

Back 10

Further from the trunk (talking of limbs)

Front 11

Define anatomical position

Back 11

The human body is erect, with feet only slightly apart, face forward, and palms up with arms slightly out.

Front 12

Define Supine

Back 12

Body is lying on back with palms up and face up.

Front 13

Define Prone

Back 13

Body is lying face down so you can only see back side of body

Front 14

Define Bilateral Symmetry

Back 14

Divding the body in half down the nose.

Front 15

Define Medial

Back 15

Towards the midline of the body

Front 16

Define Lateral

Back 16

Away/to the side of the median plane

Front 17

Define Superior

Back 17

Closer to the head

Front 18

Define Inferior

Back 18

Closer to the feet

Front 19

Define Proximal

Back 19

Nearer the trunk (talking of limbs)

Front 20

Sefine Distal

Back 20

Further from the trunk (talking of limbs)

Front 21

Define Anterior

Back 21

Structures most forward on the body

Front 22

Define Posterior

Back 22

Structures most toward the back of the body

Front 23

Define Ventral

Back 23

Belly side

Front 24

Define Dorsal

Back 24

Backside

Front 25

Define Transverse Plane

Back 25

Divides body into superior and inferior parts. Also called Cross section.

Front 26

Define Saggital Plane

Back 26

A plane that runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts

Front 27

Define Midsaggital plane

Back 27

A plane that runs longitudinally and divides the body into equal right and left parts

Front 28

Define Parasaggital Plane

Back 28

Saggital planes that are not midsaggital. They are not cut exactly equally.

Front 29

Define Oblique

Back 29

A diagonal cut anywhere on the body.

Front 30

Define Frontal or Coronal Plane

Back 30

The longitudinal plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts

Front 31

Define Ipsilateral

Back 31

Same sides

Front 32

Define Contralateral

Back 32

Opposite sides

Front 33

Define Anatomy

Back 33

The science of body structures

Front 34

Define Physiology

Back 34

The science of how the body functions

Front 35

What are the 6 levels of organization?

Back 35

1-chemical
2-cellular
3-tissue
4-organ
5-system
6-organism

Front 36

Name the 11 systems of the human body

Back 36

1-integumentary
2-muscular
3-skeletal
4-nervous
5-endocrine
6-cardiovascular
7-lymphatic and immune
8-Respiratory
9-Digestive
10-Urinary
11-Reproductive

Front 37

Define Metabolism

Back 37

Sum of all chemical processes

Front 38

Define Irritibility

Back 38

to be equipped to be sensitive to environment

Front 39

Define Hypertrophy

Back 39

the individual organism is getting bigger

Front 40

Define Proliferation

Back 40

Cells multiplying

Front 41

What is another name for proliferation?

Back 41

hyperplasia

Front 42

Define hypotrophy

Back 42

indiviual organism is getting smaller

Front 43

Differentiation

Back 43

cell has become mature

Front 44

What are the two types of reproduction?

Back 44

1-asexual
2-sexual

Front 45

What does ICF stand for?

Back 45

Intracellular fluid

Front 46

What does ECF stand for?

Back 46

Extracellular fluid

Front 47

Define Interstitial Fluid

Back 47

Fluid between cells

Front 48

Define plasma

Back 48

Fluid in blood

Front 49

Define Lymph

Back 49

fluid in body tissue and lymphatic vessals

Front 50

Define cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 50

Fluid found in brain and spinal cord

Front 51

Define Synovial Fluid

Back 51

Fluid found in joints

Front 52

Define aqueous humor and vitreous body

Back 52

Fluid in the eyes

Front 53

Define Synovial fluid

Back 53

Fluid found in joints

Front 54

Define aqueous humor and vitreous body

Back 54

Fluid in eyes

Front 55

Define homeostasis

Back 55

Equilibrium in the body's interna; environment

Front 56

Define Set Point

Back 56

The range of normal functional values of an organ or structure

Front 57

Define Control Center

Back 57

The center that receives signals from receptors about a departure from internal homeostasis and relays messages to effectors to alter their function to correct the deviation.

Front 58

Define Negative Feedback System

Back 58

A homeostatic mechanism that opposes the change in the body's internal conditions. It’s effect reverses the change or departure from normal (the set point)

Front 59

Define Positive Feedback Mechanism

Back 59

A mechanism that enhances the change in the body's internal conditions

Front 60

Define Receptor

Back 60

A structure that monitors the body's internal functions and conditions; detects changes in the body's internal environment.

Front 61

Define Effector

Back 61

A muscle or organ that receives messages from the control center to change its function in order to correct a deviation in the body's internal conditions.

Front 62

What is the body's Control Center?

Back 62

The Brain

Front 63

Give an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the body (talked about in class)

Back 63

Child birth (enhances oxitosin)

Front 64

Give an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the body (talked about in class)

Back 64

Blood pressure (if it gets too high for a minute it starts to get lower)

Front 65

What is the difference between Disorder and Disease?

Back 65

Disorder is any derangement or abnormality of function while Disease is more specific term for illness characterized by recognizable signs and symptoms

Front 66

Define Symptom

Back 66

Subjective changes in the body not apparent to the observer

Front 67

Define sign

Back 67

Objective change in body that are apparent to the observer

Front 68

Define Mediatinum

Back 68

A cavity within the thoracic cavity

Front 69

Which cavity would you find the brain in?

Back 69

the cranial cavity

Front 70

Which cavity would you find the spine?

Back 70

The vertebral cavity

Front 71

Which cavity would you find the ribcage, sternum , and vertebrae in?

Back 71

The thoracic cavity

Front 72

Which cavity would you find the diaphragm in?

Back 72

The abdominal AND thoracic cavities

Front 73

Define serous membranes

Back 73

Double memberane system

Front 74

Which membrane layer is closest to the lungs?

Back 74

visceral membrane (pleura)

Front 75

Where would you find the parietal membrane (pleura)?

Back 75

Furthest from the lungs

Front 76

Name four non-invasive diagnosis techniques

Back 76

1-palpation
2-auscultation
3-percussion
4-medical imaging

Front 77

Name 3 Invasive diagnosis techniques

Back 77

1-Autopsy
2-Exploratory surgery
3-Biopsy

Front 78

Define Auscultation

Back 78

Using sound to doagnose (as in a stethoscope)

Front 79

Define Palpation

Back 79

Using hands to feel around the body.

Front 80

What does MRI stand for?

Back 80

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Front 81

What does CT stand for?

Back 81

Computed Tomography

Front 82

WHat does PET stand for?

Back 82

Positron Emission Tomography

Front 83

What are you doing if you are taking an angiogram?

Back 83

Taking a picture of blood

Front 84

Define Intravenousurogram

Back 84

Radioactive dye injected into and area to show things (like a kidney stone)

Front 85

Define Barium Contrast X-ray

Back 85

Difference in pigment to see structures clearly

Front 86

What does SPECT stand for?

Back 86

Single photon emission computerized tomography

Front 87

Define Tissue

Back 87

A group of similar cells that have similar embryological origin and are specialized for a specific function

Front 88

Define Histology

Back 88

The study of tissues

Front 89

Define Pathology

Back 89

The study of cells and tissues in the lab

Front 90

Define Biopsy

Back 90

Sample of living tissues removed for microscopic analysis

Front 91

What are the 4 Basic types of tissues

Back 91

1-Epithelial
2-Connective
3-Muscle
4-Nervous

Front 92

What are the three primary germ layers?

Back 92

1- Ectoderm
2- Mesoderm
3- Endoderm

Front 93

Define Cell Junctions

Back 93

Points of contact between adjacent plasma membranes

Front 94

What are the 3 possible functions of cell junctions?

Back 94

1-Fluid tight seals
2-Anchor cells together
3-Channels

Front 95

Name the 5 Important types of junctions

Back 95

1-Tight junction
2-Adhering Junction
3-Desmosomes
4-Hemidesmosomes
5-Gap junction

Front 96

What does the Cranial cavity contain?

Back 96

The Brain

Front 97

What does the Vertebral canal contain?

Back 97

Vertebral column and spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves

Front 98

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

Back 98

Pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum

Front 99

What does the pleural contain?

Back 99

Each cavity surrounds a lung

Front 100

What does the pericardial cavity surround?

Back 100

The heart

Front 101

Define madiastinum

Back 101

anatomic region in the central portion of the thoracic cavity between pleural cavities. extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm

Front 102

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

Back 102

Stomach, Spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most large intestine.

Front 103

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

Back 103

Urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, internal reproductive organs