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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
gross anatomy
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macroscopic anatomy, study of general form and superficial markings
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regional anatomy
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anatomical organization of specific areas of the body such as head neck or trunk
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systemic anatomy
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study of the structure of organ systems
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developmental anatomy
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describes changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity
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embryology
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study of first two months of development
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clinical anatomy
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specialties important to clinical practice
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pathological anatomy
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study of change in anatomical features during illness
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radiographic anatomy
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anatomical structures seen using specialized imaging techniques
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surgical anatomy
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anatomical landmarks important in surgery
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microscopic anatomy
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deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification
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cytology
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study of internal structure of cells
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histology
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examination of tissues
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tissues
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groups of specialized cells
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cell physiology
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study of the function of cells
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organ physiology
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study of the physiology of specific organs
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systemic physiology
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study of the function of specific organ systems
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pathological physiology
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study of the effects of diseases on organ functions or system functions
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homeostatic regulation
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adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis
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autoregulation
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intrinsic regulation, occurs when a tissue, organ or an organ system adjusts its activity automatically in response to some environmental change
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extrinsic regulation
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results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adjust many other systems simultaneously
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receptor
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a sensor that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change
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control center
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integration center, reciees and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands
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effector
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a cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus
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set point
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desired value of homeostasis
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negative feedback
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effector activated by the control center opposes or negates the original stimulus, minimizes change, example thermoregulation
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positive feedback
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produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in condition, example blood clotting
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superficial anatomy
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locating structures on or near the body surface
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anatomical position
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standing, hands at sides, palms facing forward and feet together
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supine
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lying down in anatomical position
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prone
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face down
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abdominopelvic quadrants
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formed by a pair of perpendicular lines that intersect at the navel
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abdominopelivc regions
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nine, middle box around belly button
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frontal
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forehead
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otic
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ear
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buccal
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cheek
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cervical
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neck
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thoracic
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chest
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umbilical
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navel
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manual
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hand
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inguinal
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groin
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femoral
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thigh
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hallux
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big toe
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digits
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toes, fingers
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crural
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leg
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patellar
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kneecap
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pollex
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thumb
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palmar
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palm
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carpal
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wrist
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antebrachial
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forearm
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antecubital
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front of elbow
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brachial
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arm
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axillary
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armpit
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mental
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chin
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cephalic
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head
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acromial
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shoulder
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dorsal
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back
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olecranal
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back of elbow
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popliteal
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back of knee
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sural
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calf
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calcaneal
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heel
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plantar
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sole of foot
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lower limb
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butt to foot
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upper limb
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shoulder to finger tips
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transverse plane
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lies at right angle to the long axis of the body
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superior portion
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towards head
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inferior portion
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towards feet
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frontal plane
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parallel to long axis of body, divides body into anterior and posterior
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sagittal plane
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parallel to long axis of body, divides into left and right portions
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midsagittal section
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median section, divides body into equal left and right portions
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parasagittal section
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a cut parallel to the midsagittal line
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caudal
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towards the tail
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medial
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towards the bodys longitudinal axis, toward midsagittal plane
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lateral
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away from the body's longitudinal axis, away from the midsagittal plane
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proximal
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toward and attached base
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distal
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away from an attached base
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ventral body cavity
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contains respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems
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viscera
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internal organs that are partially or completely enclosed by body cavities
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diaphragm
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divides thoracic and abdominopelivic cavity
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thoracic cavity
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above diaphragm in ventral body cavity, contains pleural cavity and pericardial cavity
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abdominopelvic cavity
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below diaphragm, contains peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
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pleural cavities
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contains the lungs, both left and right
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mediastinum
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separates the left and right pleural cavities
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peritoneal cavity
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extends throughout abdominal cavity and into superior portion of pelvic cavity
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abdominal cavity
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contains many digestive glands and organs
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pelvic cavity
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contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract
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pericardial cavity
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small chamber that surrounds the heart
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