Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Appendicular skeleton
|
-pectoral girdle
-upper limbs -pelvic girdle -lower limb |
|
Pectoral girdle
|
-shoulder area
-clavical -scapula |
|
Pectoral girdle (scapula)
|
-attaches to clavical at the acromion
-houses glenoid cavity where humerous attaches |
|
Upper limbs
|
-arms
-humerus -radius -ulna -carpals -metacarpals -phalanges |
|
Upper limbs (humerus)
|
-head fits into glenoid cavity
-upperarm |
|
Upper limbs (radius)
|
-medial forearm bone
-head fits in radial notch of ulna |
|
Upper limbs (carpals)
|
-slide over abd around each other to give flexibility
|
|
Upper limbs (meta carpals)
|
-in palm of hand
|
|
Upper limbs (phalanges)
|
-finger bones
|
|
Pubic girdle
|
-Os Coxae
-Ilium -pubis -Ischium -acetabulum |
|
Pubic girdle (Os coxae)
|
-fusion of 3 bones
|
|
Pubic girdle (Ilium)
|
-longest and most superior bone
|
|
Pubic girdle (pubis)
|
-middle bone
|
|
Pubic girdle (ischium)
|
-most inferior bone
|
|
Pubic girdle (acetabulum)
|
-hip joint/ socket
-joining area of 3 fused bones -makes it stronger |
|
Pubic girdle (male vs female)
|
male- inlet is skinnier and dished, acetabulum is in a medial angle
female- inlet is larger and cup-like, acetabulum is more of vertical angle. supports pregnancy |
|
Lower limbs
|
-legs
-femur -patella -tibia -fibula -tarals -metatarsals -phalanges |
|
Lower limbs (femur)
|
-largest, longest, thickest, strongest bone in body
-femoral head fits in acetabulum -brokmen femuoral neck usually called broken hip, usually caused by osteoporosis |
|
Lower limbs (hip replacement)
|
- arthritis destroys cartilage, very painful
|
|
Lower limbs (Patella)
|
kneecap
|
|
Lower limbs (tibia)
|
-supports weight
-medial |
|
Lower limbs (fibia)
|
-muscle attachment
-more internal |
|
Lower limbs (tarsal)
|
-less flexible than hand, contains 1 less
-has a talus: connects to fibia and tibia to make ankle joint |
|
Lower limbs (metatarsals)
|
-in sole of foot
|
|
Lower limbs (phlanges)
|
-toes
|
|
Lower limbs (calcanens)
|
-heel bone attaches to this
|
|
Lower limbs (high heel shoes)
|
-stretches out the muscles and tendons in the legs
-make you look good -can damage over time |
|
Lower limbs (arched feet)
|
-used as shock absorbers
-ligaments hold them -contains elastic fibers to stretch out |
|
Articluations
|
-interaction of 2 or more bones
-fibrous -cartilagenous -synovial |
|
articulations (fibrous)
|
-collagenous fibers
-tooth to jaw -sutures -radius to ulna (slightly movable) |
|
Articulations (cartilagenous)
|
-hyaline cartalage b/t bones
-epiphyseal plates -pubic symphysis b/t os coxae |
|
Articulations (synovial)
|
-separates articulating bones
-has synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid -where arthritis forms -contains bursa |
|
Articulations (synovial bursas)
|
-"bags" of synovial vluid used to protect one structure from another
-protects ligaments from external impact -protects ligaments from bone -found in all highly movable joints |
|
Arthitis
|
-Osteoarthritis
-Rheumatoid |
|
Arthritis (osteoarthitis)
|
-typical bone arthritis
-knee, hip, shoulder |
|
Arthritis (Rheumatoid)
|
-autoimmune disease
-immune system eats away at joints -mostly in women -mostly affects fingers |
|
Skeletal muscle (function)
|
-generates heat
-responsible for posture -move body-mobility -responsible for being able to store waste materials (urin and feces) -support abdominal and pelvic cavities |
|
Skeletal muscle (properties)
|
-Excitability-muscle can be stmulated by nerves
-Contractility- muscle gets shorter -Elasticity- when stimulus ends, muscle returns to normal length -Extensibility- muscle can be stretched beyond relaxation point (biceps and triceps) |
|
Skeletal muscle (muscle fibers)
|
-muscle cells
|
|
Skeletal muscle (sarcoplasm)
|
-cytoplasm
-filled w/ myofibrils |
|
Skeletal muscle (sarcolemma)
|
-membrane of muscle fiber
|
|
Skeletal muscle (satellite cells)
|
-repair cells
|
|
Skeletal muscle (endomysium)
|
-loose connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers together
|
|
Skeletal muscle (myofibrils)
|
-contractile rods
-gets shorter when muscles contract |
|
Skeletal muscle (fascicle)
|
-bundle of muscle fibers
-wrapped with dense irregular connective tissue: perimysium |
|
Skeletal muscle (muscle)
|
-bundle of fascile
-wrapped with epimysium -wrapped again with fascia |
|
Skeletal muscle (perimysium)
|
-modified dense connective tissue
-provides support from all directions -provides space for nerves and veins to enter tissue |
|
Skeletal muscle (origin)
|
-where the muscle is attached to the least moveable part of the body
|
|
Skeletal muscle (insertion)
|
-where the muscle attaches to the most moveable part of the body
|
|
Skeletal muscle (belly)
|
-body of muscle
-gets fatter as it gets shorter |
|
Skeletal muscle (epimysium)
|
-dense irregular modified connective tissue
-binds fasciles together |
|
Skeletal muscle (Tranverse(T) tubules)
|
-distribute muscle impulses
-distrbute nutrients -transports metabolic waste to surface -can distribute from membrane to terminal cisternae |
|
Skeletal muscle (sarcoplasmic reticulum)
|
-endoplasmic reticulum
|
|
Myofilaments (thin)
|
-actin
-tropoinmyosin -troponin |
|
Muofilaments (actin)
|
-2 long strands coiled around to give strength
-made of chain of actin molecule -each molecule has an active site |
|
Myofilaments (tropomyosin)
|
-2 strands coield around each other
-wraps around actin to cover active sites |
|
Myofilaments (Troponin)
|
-holds tropomyosin in place
|
|
Myofilaments (thick)
|
-Myosin
|
|
Myofilaments (Myosin)
|
-2 strands per molecule
-strands twisted around each other -heads normally 180 degrees apart |