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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
The principle parts of the brain are the:
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brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and cerebrum
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b,c,d,c
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The brain is protected by crainial bones and the cranial meninges. The cranial meninges are continuous with the spinal meninges. From superficial to deep they are the:
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dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
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d,a,p
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Blood flow to the brain is mainly via the:
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internal carotid and vertebral arteries
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2 types of arteries
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Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the
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choroid plexuses
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c,p
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csf circulates through the:
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lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space and central canal.
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3 ventricles, one space and one canal
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Most of the csf is absorbed into the blood across the:
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arachnoid villa of the superior sagittal blood sinus
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none
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an extension of the dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
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falx cerebri
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none
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an extension of the dura mater that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
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falx cerebelli
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none
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an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerbrum fom the cerebellum
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tentorium cerebelli
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t
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superior to the brain stem, consisting primarily of the thalamus and hypothalamus and including the epithalamus and the subthalamus is the
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diencephalon
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d
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Posterior to the brain stem is the
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cerebellum
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none
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spreads over the diencephalon like a mushroom cap and occupies most of the cranium
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cerebrum
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none
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the csf formed in the choroid plexus of each lateral ventricle flows into the third ventrickle through a pair of narrow oval openings called the
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interventricular foramina (foramina of monro)
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i,f
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More csf is added by the choroid plexus in the roof of the third ventricle. The fluid then flows through the
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cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of sylvius) which passes through the mid brain, into the fourth ventricle
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c,a
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csf enters the subarachnoid space through three openings in the roof of the fourth ventricle;
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a median aperture(of Magendie) and the pair of lateral apertures (of Luschka)
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three openings-only two names
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a continuation of the superior part of the spinal cord; it forms the inferior part of the brain stem
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Medulla oblongata
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none
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On the ventral side of the medulla are two bulges called
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the pyramids
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none
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Just superior to the junction of the medulla with the spinal cord, most of the axons in the left pyramid cross to the right side of the body and most of the axons in the right pyramid cross over to the left side. This crossing over is called
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decussation of pyramids
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none
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Just lateral to each pypamid is an oval shaped swelling called an
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olive
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none
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This causes most of the swelling in the olive; it relays impulses from proprioceptors, such as muscle spindles, to the cerebellum.
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inferior olivary nucleus
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none
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Nuclei associated with some somatic sensations(touch, vibration, and proprioception) are located on the posterior aspect of the medulla. These nuclei ar the right and left:
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nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
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none
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This lies directly superior to the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum and consists of both nuclei and tracts
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pons
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none
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Important nuclei in the pons are the
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pneumotaxic area and the apneustic area
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none
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extends from the pons to the diencephalon; the cerebral aqueduct passes through it; connecting the 3rd ventricle above with the 4th ventricle below; contains both tracts and nuclei
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Midbrain
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none
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The anterior part of the midbrain contains a pair of tracts called
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cerebral peduncles
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none
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The posterior part of the midbrain is called the
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tectum =roof
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none
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the tectum contains four rounded elevations called
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corpora quadrigemina; corpora=bodies quadrigeminus=four twins
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none
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The two superior elvations of the corpora quadrigemina, know as the _______ ______, serve as reflex centers that govern movements of the eyes, head and neck in response to visual stimuli
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superior colliculi
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none
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The two inferior elevations of the corpora quadrigema, the ______ ______, ar part of the auditory relay from the receptors for hearing in the ear to the sensory cortex of the cerebrum. Also reflex response due to auditory stimuli
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inferior colliculi
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none
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The midbrain contains several nuclei including the left and right ______ ______ and the left and right_____ _____.
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substantia nigra, red nuclei
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none
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extends from the brain stem to the cerebrum and surrounds the third ventricle; it includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus
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Diencephalon
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d
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about 3cm and makes up 80% of the diencephalon, consists of paired oval masses of gray matter organized into nuclei with interspersed tracts of white matter
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Thalamus
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t
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these nuclei of the thalamus are concerned with hearing
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medial geniculate nuclei
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m
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these nuclei of the thalamus are concerned with vision
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lateral geniculate nuclei
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l
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supported on the diencephalon and brain stem and forms the bulk of the brain is the
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cerebrum
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none
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The cerebrum is composed of two halves called ______.each of which consists of an outer layer of gray matter an internal region of cerebral white matter and gray matter nuclei within the white matter
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hemispheres
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none
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The superficial gray matter layer of the cerebrum is called the
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cerebral cortex
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none
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The cerebral cortex is the "seat of intelligence" it provides us with the ability to ____,_____,______, make calculations and compose music; and to remember the past plan for the future, and imagine things that have never existed before
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read, write and speak
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none
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During embryonic development, when brain size increases rapidly, the gray matter of the cortex enlarges much faster that the deeper white matter. As a result, the cortical region rolls and folds upon itself. The folds are called_________ or________
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gyri or convolutions
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wrinkles on brain
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The deepest grooves between the folds are known as
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fissures
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f
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the shallower grooves between folds are termed
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sulci
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s
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The most prominent fissure the _______ ________ separates the cerebrum into right and left halves
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longitudinal fissure
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l
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consists of several pairs of nuclei; the two members of each pair are situated in opposite cerebral hemispheres
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basal ganglia
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b
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The _____ ______ receive input from and provide output to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus
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basal ganglia
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b
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The largest nucleus in the basal ganglia is the ______ _____ which consists of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.
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corpus striatum
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c
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encircling the upper part of the brain stem and the corpus callosum is a ring of structures on the inner border of the cerebrum and floor of the diencephalon that constitutes the:
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limbic system
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l
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the structures of the limbic system are the:
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parahippocampal, cingulate gyri, hippocampus
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3,p,c-g,h
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The ____ ____ lies between the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus
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denate gyrus
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d-g
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The cranial nerves:O,O,O,T,T,A,F,A,G,V,S,H: On Old Olympus Tiny Tops A Fin And German Viewed Some Hops
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Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal accessory, Hypoglossal
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none
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Cranial nerve I; arises in the olfactory mucosa, passes through foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and ends in the olfactory bulb. Function: Smell
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Olfactory
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O
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Cranial Nerve II; Arises in the retina of the eye, passes through the optic foramen, forms the optic chiasm and then the optic tracts and terminates in the lateral geniculate nuclei of thalamus. Function; Vision
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Optic
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O
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Cranial nerve III; mixed; both sensory and motor; Sensory function is Muscle sense (proprioception); Motor function is Movement of eyeball and eyelid, constriction of pupil
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Oculomotor
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O
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Cranial nerve IV; mixed; Sensory function is Muscle sense (proprioception); Motor function is movement of eyeball
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Trochlear
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T
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Cranial nerve V; mixed; Sensory portion has three branches-ophthalamic, maxillary, mandibular Motor portion is part of the mandibular branch; Sensory function is touch, pain, temperature, and muscle sense;
Motor function is Chewing |
Trigeminal
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T
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Cranial nerve VI; mixed; mainly motor; originates in the pons; Sensory function is muscle sense; Motor function is Movement of the eyeball
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Abducens
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A
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Cranial Nerve VII; Mixed; Sensory portions arises from taste buds and functions as muscle sense and taste; Motor portion arises from the pons and functions facial expression and secretion of saliva and tears
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Facial
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F
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Cranial NerveVIII;mixed; mainly sensory; Sensory functions are equilibrium, hair cells, hearing; Motor functions mechanical response to sound
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Vestibulocochlear
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V
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Cranial Nerve IX; mixed; Sensory functions are taste and somatic sensations of tounge swallowing, blood pressure, monitoring oxygen and CO2 in blood; Motor functions are elevates the pharynx during swallowing and speech and stimulates secretion of saliva
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Glossopharyngeal
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G
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Cranial Nerve X; mixed Sensory function is taste and somatic sensations of the epiglottis and pharnyx; Motor functions are Swallowing, coughing, and voice production
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Vagus
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V
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Cranial Nerve XI; Motor consists of cranial portion and spinal portion; cranial portion mediates swallowing movements and spinal portion mediates movement of head and shoulders.
Cranial Nerve XII; mixed mainly motor; Motor function is movement of tounge during speech and swallowing; Sensory is muscle sense |
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal |
S,H
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