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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the blood functions?
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Distribution(traspotation), Regulation, and Defense
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What type of tissue is blood?
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Connective
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What are the components of blood?
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RBC, WBC, Platelets and Plasma
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Blood Characteristics
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vary with body size, electrolyte, fat content
38 degrees C pH 7.35-7.45 5.2 quarts im males 5 million RBC |
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Blood Suspension
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if blood stands it will separate, cells to bottom plasma on top
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What are the percentages of RBC and plasma in the blood?
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55% plasma
thin interface of WBC 45% RCB (HCT) |
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RBC Characteristics
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biconcave, thin near centre, flexible, no nucleus, cannot reproduce, huge surface area
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97% of the RBC is what
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Hemoglobin
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Hypoxia
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prolonged oxygen deficiency of tissues
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Anoxia
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tissue total lack of oxygen, leads to tissue death=infarct
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Cyanosis
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visual symptom of hypoxia, bluish color to skin
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HbS
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abn sickle cell hemoglobin, cant compress in small vessles, stuck
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Dietary Factors in Duodenum affecting RBC Production
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Folic Acid and Vit B12- DNA synthesis
iron- hemoglobin synthesis |
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RBC Production in Marrow
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Hemocytoblasts>>>proeyrthroblasts>>>>erythroblasts>>>normoblast>>>>reticulocytes>>>erythrocytes
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Life Span of RBC
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120 days
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Control of RBC Production
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trigger- O2 deficiency sensed by liver or kidney
ERYTHROPOIETIN released by kidney Response- targets marrow to increase RBC production |
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Anemia
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oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced by insufficient no of RBC
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pernicious anemia
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abscense of B12
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hemorrhagic anemia
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abnormal blood loss
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aplastic anemia
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marrow mysfunction
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hemolytic anemia
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excessive hemolysis, drugs, parasites, genetics
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Decreased Hb
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iron defeciency
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Polycythemia
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increase no of RBC, slow sluggish
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RBC Destruction
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rbc fragile with age
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Jaundice
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if liver circulation is damaged bilirubin is not removed as bile but carried away in blood
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WBC Characteristics
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body defense
positive chemotaxis diapedesis made from hemocytoblast increase with infection |
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Neutrophil
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largest population in WBC
phagocyte, esp bacteria and fungi |
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Eosinphil
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increase in parasitic attack
increase in allergy attack |
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Basophil
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heparin=anticoagulant
histamine for allergy attack |
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Lymphocyte
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immunity
25-33% of WBC made in marrow or lymphatic tissue |
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Monocyte
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largest cell
large phagocyte acts like macrophage in tissues |
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Platelets/Throbocytes
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cell fragments
made from hemocytoblasts initiate homeostasis when there is a broken blood vessle clotting |
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Plasma
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whole blood minus the cells
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Serum
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plasma minus clotting protiens
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Plasma Analysis
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Blood Gasses- O2 and CO2
Blood Electrolytes- Na NPN NonProtein Nitrogen- amino acids, urea, uric acid--- rise in NPN can cause kidney problems |
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Plasma Proteins
Albumins |
made in liver
maintain osmotic pressure in blood blood buffer |
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Plasma Proteins
Clotting Problems |
fibrogen
prothrombin made in liver |
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Plasma Proteins
Globulins |
there are alpha and beta- transport lipids
gamma- antibodies-- immunity |
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Blood Lipoproteins
VLDL |
Very Low density lipoprotiens
transfer fat made in liver to fat tissue |
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Blood Lipoproteins
LDL |
Low density lipoproteins
delivers cholesterol to cells |
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Blood Lipoproteins
HDL |
High density lipoproteins
takes broken down chylomicrons to liver |
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Homeostasis
Stops bleeding in 3 steps |
muscle in damaged vessle wall spasms
platlet plug- sticks to wall clot- blood coagulation |
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Extrinsic Clotting
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damaged tissue or vessles releases trigger-- tissue thromboplastic (TH)
series of reaction triggers Ca++ ions Prothrombin activator changes prothrombin in blood to thrombin |
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Intrinsic Clotting
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trigger blood contact with foreign surface
no tissue damage vessle is in tact Hagman factor |
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Thrombus
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stationary clot in unbroken vessle
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Embolism
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moving obstruction
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Blood Typing
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nameg by antigens--agglutinogens and glycoprotiens on surface of RBC
40 majors types |
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Type A
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A antigens on RBC
anti-B proteisn on plasma |
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Type B
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B antigens on RBC
anti-A proteins in plasma |
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Type AB
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A and B antigens on RBC
nothing in plasma universal receiver |
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Type O
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no antigens on RBC
anti A and B in plasma universal donor most common |
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Transfusion Reaction
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know the bloos type "blank" on RBC and "anti-blank" in plasma, possible clump
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Rh Factor
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agglutinogen same in human and rhesus monkey
“A” antigens; “Rh” antigens; anti-B agglutinins |