Chapter 2

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has ass and occupies space

Front 2

Element

Back 2

A pure substance composed of a single type of atom

Front 3

Atom

Back 3

Particles that make up all of matter. "Building blocks"

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

Contains subatomic particles .

Front 5

Protons

Back 5

Positively charged

Front 6

Neutron

Back 6

Negatively charged

Front 7

Electron

Back 7

Chemical energy holds electron in orbitals nucleus

Front 8

Orbitals

Back 8

Are located on shells

Front 9

Outermost shell

Back 9

Valence Shell

Front 10

Reactive Atoms

Back 10

Will lose or gain electrons so that the valence shell is full

Front 11

Inert Atoms

Back 11

Already have a full valence shell

Front 12

Atomic Numbers

Back 12

No net charge

# or protons never vary

Front 13

Mass Number

Back 13

# of protons + # of nucleus

Front 14

Isotopes

Back 14

Atoms if the same element that differ in # of neutrons

Front 15

Four most common elements in the body.

Back 15

Hydrogen

Carbon

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Front 16

Ion

Back 16

Results when electrons are lost or gained by an atom

Front 17

Cations

Back 17

Are positively charged . have lost electrons

Front 18

Anions

Back 18

Are negatively charged gain electrons

Front 19

Chemical Bonds

Back 19

Form whenever electrons are transferred or shared

Front 20

Ionic Bond

Back 20

Electron transfer , strong attraction between a action and an anion

Front 21

Covalent Bond

Back 21

Electron Sharing

Front 22

Single covalent bond

Back 22

One pair of of electron are shared (h2)

Front 23

Double covalent bonf

Back 23

Two pairs are shared

Front 24

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Back 24

Electrons shared equally

Front 25

Polar covalent bond

Back 25

Shared unequally

One atom has a stronger attraction polarity. Changed polls

Front 26

Molecule

Back 26

2 or more atoms covalently bonded that we have as an independent unit

Front 27

Compound

Back 27

2 or more different kinds of atoms bounded together

Front 28

Covalent Compounds

Back 28

Are molecules

Front 29

Ionic compound

Back 29

Are not molecules

Dissociate in water

Ions separate

Front 30

Hydrogen bonds

Back 30

Are not chemical bonds

Are attraction

Are weak

Stabalize structures of large molecules such as DNA protein

Front 31

Solute

Back 31

Solid

Front 32

Solvent

Back 32

Liquid