Anatomical Landmarks Of The Body

Front 1

Back 1

Front 2

Cranium

Back 2

a) Supra Orbital Ridges
b) Superior Nuchal Line- Horizontal line on Occipital bone. Origin site for the Occipital belly of the Occipitofrontalis.
c) Pinna (auricle) – fleshy part of the external ear
d) Temporalis muscle- Temporal Region of the Cranium. Originates at the Superior and Inferior portions of the temporal Bone. Inserts at the Coronoid Process of the Mandible.
e) Hairline

Front 3

2) Face

a) Occular region

Back 3

a) Occular region

1. Eyebrow
2. Eyelashes
3. Lacrimal Caruncle- A small reddish body at the medial angle of the eye, containing modified sebaceous and sweat glands.
Its the source of sleep dust (Eye Buggers)

Front 4

Auricular region

Back 4

1. External Acoustic Canal- tubular opening in middle ear
2. Helix- fold on outside of ear
3. Earlobe- bottom flap
4. Tragus- flap over ear hole, superior to earlobe

Front 5

Nasal Region

Back 5

1. Root of Nose- Frontal bone and Nasal bone meet
2. Bridge of Nose- firm narrow part of nose that projects between the eyes
3. Apex – tip of the nose
4. Nostrils (nares)
5. Wing of the nose (ala) - Outside of hole, flared lateral margin of each nostril

Front 6

Anterior Region (cervix)

Back 6

a) Larynx-colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the neck of mammals involved in protection of the trachea and sound production.

1. Thyroid Cartilage (laryngeal prominence or Adam’s apple)
b) Hyoid Bone- is a bone in the neck, and is the only bone in the human skeleton not articulated to any other bone. Sits directly superior to Adam’s apple
c) Cricoid Cartilage- is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. It sits directly inferior to Adam’s apple
d) Trachea- is a common term for an airway through which respiratory air passes in organisms. Called the windpipe and it travels to the lungs
e) Thyroid gland- largest endocrine gland, located immediately inferior to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and anterior to the trachea
f) Common Carotid Artery- artery the travels down the neck from the brain. Common place for taking pulse.
g) Jugular Notch (Suprasternal notch) and Suprasternal Fossa – located directly above sternum between the clavicles
h) Clavicles – horizontal bones located just inferior to the neck, connect to the Sternum and Coracoid process of the Scapula.

Front 7

Lateral Regions

Back 7

a) Sternocleidomastoid muscles- lateral borders of "Suprasternal fossa" of the skin. "Head turner muscle"
b) Trapezius- is a large superficial muscle which extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae, and laterally to the spine of the scapula (shoulder blade).
c) External Jugular Vein- outside of neck, travels from the towards the head

Front 8

Posterior region (nucha)

Back 8

a) Spinous process of C7 - prominence that sticks out at bottom of neck when you bend your head forward.
b) Ligamentum nuchae - extends between C7 and the base of the skull. Helps stabilize the skull on the cervical vertebrae.

Front 9

Back

Back 9

a) Median furrow - Its a long vertical line (indent) down the middle of the back.
b) Scapula -is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Also called the shoulder blade.
c) Triangle of Auscultation - Triangle under scapula. Right side for listening to lungs, left for listening to the heart.

Front 10

Thorax (Chest)

Back 10

a) Sternal angle (level with second rib) - underneath manubrium
b) Xiphisternal joint - between xiphoid and gladiolus
c) Costal Arch- The portion of the lower opening of the chest formed by the cartilages of the seventh to tenth ribs (inhale and hold your breath)
d) Mid Clavicular line-is a vertical line crossing through the clavicle.

Front 11

3) Abdomen

Back 11

a) Linea alba- vertical line that divides abdomen into left and right sections.
b) Symphysis pubis - cartilage between pelvic bone
c) Navael (Umbilicus)-where umbilical cord attaches to fetus
d) Rectus Abdominus - anterior portion of abdomen
e) linea semlinaris - lateral sides of rectus abdominus
f) External abdominal oblique- lateral and anterior superficial portions of abdominal cavity - forms inguinal ligament
g) Illiac Crest- top of hip bone

1. Anterior Superior Illiac Spine
2. Posterior Superior Illiac Spine
h) McBurney's point

Front 12

Back 12

Posterior view

Front 13

Pelvis and Perineum

Back 13

1. Inguinal Ligament - Starts at Axis connects to Symphysis Pubis. Bottom part of abdomen.
2. Perineum (genitals/anal opening)-is generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx.
3. Coccyx - commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column.

Front 14

Back 14

hip

Front 15

Shoulder

Back 15

) Acromion- forms the bony tip of the shoulder. Articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle
b) Clavipectoral triangle- small surface depression, bordered by the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

Front 16

Axilla

Back 16

Anterior Axillary Fold (pectoralis major) - Anterior border of the axilla ( in front of armpit region)
b) Posterior Axillary Fold (latissimus dorsi) - Posterior border of the axilla

Front 17

Brachium

Back 17

Biceps Brachii - Anterior muscle on arm, becomes prominent when elbow is flexed
b) Triceps Brachii - is a muscle of the posterior compartment of the upper arm. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint.
c) Brachial Artery - major blood vessel of the upper arm, divides at the cubital fossa of the elbow into the radial and ulnar arteries
d) Medial and Lateral epicondyles of the humerus - tuberculated eminence at the distal end of the humerus on the arm.
e) Olecranon - is a large, thick, curved eminence, situated at the upper and back part of the forearm or elbow.
f) Ulnar Nerve - is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. Aggravation of this nerve is commonly referred to as hitting one's "funny bone."
g) Cubital Fossa (antecubital fossa) - is the triangular area on the anterior view of the elbow joint of the arm. Location of Medial Cubital vein, which is the place for venous injections.

Front 18

Antebrachium

Back 18

Radius - in the anatomical position this is the lateral bone of forearm. Hint to remember* When you put your thumb up and say "that's rad". 'Rad'ius is on same side as thumb. Styloid process of the radius is on the lateral side of the wrist.
b) Ulna - medial side of forearm. Makes up the Olecranon (elbow) and Medial Styloid Process of the wrist.
c) Radial Artery - Artery on same side as radius traveling away from the heart.
d) Basilic Vein- is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the hand, and travels up the base of the forearm and arm.
e) Cephalic Vein - is a superfial vein of the upper limb. It is the lateral vein of arm ( both branch from the medical cubital vein).

Front 19

Hand

Back 19

Distal ends of metacarpals (knuckles)
b) Phalanges -The phalanges are the finger bones. Fingers 2 -4 are made up of three phalanges. The thumb has two phalanges.
c) Thenar eminence - is the body of muscle on the palm of the human hand just beneath the thumb.
d) Anatomical snuffbox - or radial fossa, (in Latin Foveola radialis), is a triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand - at the level of the carpal bones, specifically, the scaphoid and trapezium bones forming the floor.

Front 20

Buttox (gluteal region)

Back 20

a) Natal Cleft-The sulcus between the buttocks (nates).
b) Ishial Tuberosity, part that you sit down on when people say you have a bony butt
c) Fold on the buttock

Front 21

Thigh

Back 21

Quadricep femoris muscles - muscles on the front of the femur consist of the vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius inferiorly
b) Hamstring muscles - muscles on the back of the femur consists of Biceps femoris, semitendinous and semimembranous
c) Femoral Triangle - depression inferior to the groove that overlies the inguinal ligament on the anteromedial surface in the superior portion of the thigh. Important areterial pressure point.
d) greater trochanter - lateral prominence on femur
e) Lateral and medial condyles of femur
f) Lateral and medial condyles of tibia
g) Patella - or kneecap is a thick, triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the knee joint.
h) Popliteal Fossa - indent on posterior side of knee

The following is an interesting animated video that goes through the process of knee surgery:

Front 22

Leg (Crural Region)

Back 22

a) Anterior border of tibia (shin)
b) Medial malleolous of tibia - sticks out on distal medial end
c) Lateral malleolous of fibula - distal lateral end
d) Achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus) - connects to calcanus bone on back of ankle. Insertion spot for gastrocnemius and Soleus muscle
e) Gastrocnemius - sits on tops of soleus, posterior part of leg
f) Posterior tibial artery
g) Greater Saphenous Vein - longest vein in body

Front 23

Foot

Back 23

a) Longitudinal Arch - medial and lateral arches of foot
b) Fifth metatarsal bone
c) Dorsal pedal arterty (dorsalis pedos) - comes across top of foot
d) Phalanges - toes

Front 24

Back 24

hand

Front 25

Back 25

side

Front 26

Back 26

arm