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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 major connective tissues?
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Supporting connective tissue Fluid connective tissue |
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What are characteristics of connective tissue that make them unique to the family of tissues?
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2. Diversity of blood, fat, bone & cartilage but they all are derived from the same embryonic tissue, mesenchyme and they are vascular with the exception of cartilage which is avascular |
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All connective tissues are derived from the sam embryonic tissue called?
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Mesenchyme |
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What are 3 basic elements of connective tissue?
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Cells, protein fibers and ground substance |
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What are the common cells of connective tissue?
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Fibroblast, mast, plasma, macrophages (free & fixed) and adipocyte |
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What are the functions of connective tissue's cells
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Produce the ground substance
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What are the structural proteins of connective tissue?
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Collagen, elastic fibers, reticular fibers
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What are the functions of connective tissue protein fibers?
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strengthen & support connective tissue
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What are the common structures in ground substance?
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non-living material produced by fibroblast; protein, carbohydrate, & water molecules
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Extracellular Matrix (made up of)
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protein fibers & ground substance
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Diversity of ground substance varying according to proportions of ____ & ______.
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protein fibers, ground substance |
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What 3 defense cells assist with the immune response to repair tissue?
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Plasma cells, Mast cells, & macrophages (fixed & free)
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What is the fundamental connective tissue proper cell type?
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fibroblasts |
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What type of cell?
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fibroblast
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fibroblasts (function) |
secrete fibers & matrix
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Macrophages (function)
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develop from monocytes & are phagocytic
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What is the process called to when living cell ingest or engulf other cells or particles?
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phagocytosis
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mesenchymal cells (function)
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embryonic stem cells that divide in response to injury to produce new connective tissue?
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what type of connective tissue cell?
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Mast cell
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Mast cells (function)
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cells involved in inflammation, abundant alongside blood vessels produce histamine & heparin |
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What type of cell?
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Plasma cell
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Plasma cells (function)
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Major defense cells that secrete antibodies
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What type of connective tissue cell?
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adipocytes
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Adipocytes (function)
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To store lipids
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What type of connective tissue cell?
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chondrocyte
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Chondrocytes (function)
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mature cartilage cells
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What specific type of defense cell matures into plasma cells?
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lympocytes |
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What type of connective tissue cell?
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Osteocytes
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Osteocytes (function)
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mature osteoblast/bones
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What type of connective tissue cell?
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erythrocytes |
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Erythrocytes (function)
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Transport oxygen & carbon dioxide to tissue and lungs
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leukocyte
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Circulates in the blood and lymph tissues and helps to initiate an immune response
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What is the functions of a protein?
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structural, storage, contractile, transportation, & enzyme |
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What is the monomer of proteins?
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amino acids |
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What is a polymer of protein?
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polypeptide
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What is one or more polypeptides folded into a specific 3-D shape called?
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Protein |
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Fiber is a ____ of protein |
macromolecule |
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What type of connective tissue fiber?
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collagen
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Collagen fibers (compose of)
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composed of protein collagen |
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collagen fibers (appearance)
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Wavy bundles of collagen that are parallel
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Collagen (function)
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Strong, flexible & resistant to stretching |
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Collagen fibers (2 location) |
bone & cartlilage
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The very thin, not in bundles fiber is?
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elastic fiber
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elastic fibers (composed of)
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composed of protein elastin |
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elastic fibers (appearance)
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stretch easily, branch, rejoin & appears wavy
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Elastic fibers (function)
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Allow things to stretch & return to orginal shape |
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elastic fibers (2 location)
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skin & lungs
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The branching, interwoven framework fiber is?
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reticular fiber
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reticular fibers (composed of)
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composed of collagen with glycoprotein coat |
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reticular fibers (appearance)
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reticular fibers (function)
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form interwoven framework to support organs, attach immune cells, support blood vessels |
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reticular fibers (2 location)
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spleen & lymph nodes
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What is the name & function of ground substance macromolecules?
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glycoproteins; adhesion proteins (CT glue) |
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What are the 3 states of ground substance?
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fluid, gelatinous, or solid |
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What is the ground substance macromolecule composition of bone?
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GAGs + calcium + phosphate salts |
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What are the 6 tissue types of connective tissue proper?
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Adipose connective tissue reticular connective tissue dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue elastic connective tissue |
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What are the 2 tissue types of supporting connective tissue?
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Cartilage & bone |
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What are the 2 tissue types of fluid connective tissue?
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Blood & lymph |
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What are the 3 types of cartilage?
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hyaline, fibrocartilage, & elastic cartilage |
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What are the 2 types of bone connective tissue?
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Compact & spongy |
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What is the name of this connective tissue?
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areolar connective tissue (made up of) |
fibroblast, mast cell, macrophages with collagen, elastic fibers, & reticular fibers with gelatinous ground substance |
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Areolar connective tissue (appearance)
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scattered fibroblast, macrophage, mast cells with collagen & elastic fibers with a gelantinous ground substance |
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areolar connective tissue (function)
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binds and packs around organs |
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areolar connective tissue (2 location)
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subcutaneous layer of skin, nerves |
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What is the name of this connective tissue?
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Adipose connective tissue
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Adipose connective tissue (made up of)
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adipocytes |
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Adipose connective tissue (appearance)
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closely packed adipocytes, nucleus squeezed to one side
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Adipose connective tissue (function)
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Supports, protects, stores fats, insulates |
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Adipose connective tissue (2 location)
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Henle renal, subcutaneous layer of skin
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What is the name of this connective tissue?
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reticular connective tissue
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Reticular connective tissue (made up of)
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reticular fibers with fibroblasts |
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Reticular connective tissue (appearance)
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Meshwork of reticular fibers with scattered fibroblast
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Reticular connective tissue (function)
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Provides supportive framework for organs of immune system
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Reticular connective tissue (2 location)
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spleen, lymph nodes |
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What type of connective tissue?
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Dense regular connective tissue
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Dense regular connective tissue (made up of)
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collagen fibers & fibroblasts |
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Dense regular connective tissue (appearance)
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densely packed collagen fibers are parallel to direction of stress. fibroblast nuclei squeezed bwteen layers of fibers, scarce ground substance |
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Dense regular connective tissue (function)
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provides strong attachments between bone to mucsle & bone to bone |
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Dense regular connective tissue (2 location)
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tendons & ligaments |
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What type of connective tissue?
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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Dense irregular connective tissue (made up of)
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fibroblast, collagen
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Dense irregular connective tissue (appearance)
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predominantly collagen, randomly arranged & clumped together with fibroblast in spaces among fibers
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Dense irregular connective tissue (function)
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Withstands stresses applied in all direction
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Dense irregular connective tissue (location)
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dermis of skin, pericardium
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What is the connective tissue?
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Elastic connective tissue
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Elastic connective tissue (made up of)
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fibroblast with elastic fibers |
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Elastic connective tissue (appearance)
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Predominately freely branching elastic fibers with fibroblast occuping some spaces between fibers
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Elastic connective tissue (function)
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resilient, allows stretching
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Elastic connective tissue (2 location)
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aorta, penis |
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Attaches muscle to bone?
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Tendons |
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Attaches bone to bone?
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ligaments |
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What type of supporting connective tissue?
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Hyaline cartilage
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Hyaline (structure)
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lacunae house chondrocytes with glassy-appearing semisolid matrix |
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Hyaline (function) |
flexible
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Hyaline (2 locations)
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nose & trachea |
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What type of supporting connective tissue?
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fibrocartilage
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Fibrocartilage (structure)
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lacunae house chondrocytes; no perichondrium, parallel collagen in a semisolid matrix |
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Fibrocartilage (function) |
absorbs shock |
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Fibrocartilage (2 locations) |
intervertebral discs & menisci of knee joints |
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What type of supporting connective tissue? |
Elastic cartilage
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Elastic cartilage (structure)
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perichondium present, abundant elastic fibers that form web-like mesh around lacunae, semisolid matric |
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Elastic cartilage (function)
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Maintains structure while permitting extensive flexibility |
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Elastic cartilage (2 locations)
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external ear & epiglottis of larynx |
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What type of Bone connective tissue? |
Compact Bone
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Compact bone (structure)
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osteocytes in a calcified matrix arranged in osteons |
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Compact bone (function) |
Support soft structures |
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Compact bone (2 locations) |
exterior of bones |
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Spongy bone (structure) |
osteocytes & hemopoietic cells that arranged in meshwork pattern. contains macroscopoic spaces |
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Spongy bone (function) |
site of hemopoiesis
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Spongy bone (location)
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interior of bones of the body |
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What type of fluid connective tissue? |
Blood
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Blood (structure)
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Combination of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets in fluid matrix with dissolved protein fibers
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Blood (function) |
Plasma transports & contains clotting elements; RBCs |
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Blood (2 locations)
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within blood vessels & heart |
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General definition of membranes?
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a thin flexible sheet of material |
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Membrane composed of layers of macromolecules to form a phospholipid bilayer in a cell?
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Plasma membrane
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Plasma membrane (function)
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separates the intercellular components from extracellular environment |
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Plasma membrane (location)
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surrounds the cytoplasm of living cells |
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Membrane composed of two layers of macromolecules;
basal lamina with collagen fibers & reticular lamina with reticular fiber |
basement membranes |
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Basement membranes (function) |
Attaches epithelial tissue to connective tissue |
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Basement membrane (location)
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Where ever epithelial tissue joins with connective tissue |
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What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes
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mucous membranes serous membranes |
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Membrane composed of an epithelial layer of stratified squamous ET & an underlying areolar CT + dense irregular CT. |
Cutaneous membranes |
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Cutaneous membranes (function)
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protections of internal organs & prevention water loss |
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cutaneous membranes (location) |
External body surfaces
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The membrane with a variety of epithelial tissue attached to underlying areolar connective tissue called lamina propria. |
mucous membrane |
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mucous membrane (function)
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Protection absorption & secretion |
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mucous membrane (location) |
digestive, respiratory, urinary & reproductive tracts |
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Membrane that consist of epithelial tissue of simple squamous and areolar connective tissue; secretes of viscous fluid within a cavity |
serous membrane |
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Serous membrane (function)
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secrete a fluid that lubricates against movement to reduce friction |
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serous membrane (location)
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membrane lining of closed body cavities and their organs
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The epithelial tissue surrounding the lungs, heart chambers & lumen of blood vessels? |
endothelium
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Name of the epithelial tissue of body cavities? |
mesothelium
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What are two connective tissue membranes?
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meninges |
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The areolar connective tissue with goblet cells within a mucous membrane is called?
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lamina propria
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