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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Again, state the 5 properties of proteins that can be exploited. |
Mass Charge-pH Hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions Differential solubility Mobility in applied fields |
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Define the effect of a kosmotropic molecule. |
Contribute to structure and stability of water-water interactions, stabalising intermolecular inetarctions in proteins |
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Define the effect of a chaotropic molecule. |
Disrupt water-water interactions, increasing the solubility of non-polar molecules |
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In N-terminal sequencing, what is added to remove the outermost amino acid? A mildly basic buffer is also added, state the name of this buffer. |
Phenyl IsoThioCyanate (PITC) Trimethylamine |
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In N-teminal sequencing, what is used to allow the terminal amino acid to be selectively removed? This derivative then isomerises to give a substituted_? What process allows this^ to be identified? |
Anhydrous acid Phenylthiohydantoin Chromatography |
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Often the N-teminal amino acid is chemically modified. How is this modification enzymatically removed? State a limitation of the Edman degradation. |
Pyroglutamylcarboxyl peptidase Answer can include: Cannot determine the position of disulfide bonds or only a linear sequence of amino acids produced |
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In mass spectronomy protein sequencing, peptides are produced using specific proteases and cyanogen bromide. How are these peptides fractionated? |
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) |
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The peptides are run through the MS twice. What happens during run 1? What happens during run 2? |
1: Mass of peptide is determined 2: Peptide is fragmented and different mass of the individual amino acids is determined |
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Runs 1 and 2 can now be done in 1 single step, know as? What happens once the data on m/z ratio has been discovered? |
Tandem Mass Spectronomy Compared against a database of previously sequenced proteins in order to determine the sequences of the fragments |
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In CID mass spectronomy, what does CID stand for? |
Collision Induced Dissociation |
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Many copies of the same peptide are fragmented at the peptide backbone to produce what? What is needed in for the amino acid sequence to be determined? |
b and y ions Overlap of amino acid sequence |
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For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? A R N D |
A: Alanine R: Arginine N: Asparagine D: Aspartic acid |
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For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? C E Q G |
C: Cysteine E: Glutamic acid Q: Glutamine G: Glycine |
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For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? H I L K |
H: Histidine I: Isoleucine L: Leucine K: Lysine |
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For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? M F P S |
M: Methionine F: Phenylalanine P: Proline S: Serine |
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For the following single letter codes, what amino acids correspond? T W Y V |
T: Threonine W: Tryptophan Y: Tyrosine V: Valine |
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Define a proteome. |
Proteins that are expressed in the cell at any one time or in any tissue |
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Study of the proteome and how it varies under certain conditions can provide information to allow? |
Targetting of specific proteins for directed inhibition or modification |
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How many genes are present in E. coli? How many proteins and molecules are involved in metabolism? |
4,785 genes 8,000 |
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How does silver, throught the process of silver stress, have an effect on DNA? |
Breaks the disulfide bridge by intercalation between cysteine |
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What process allows the 18,000 genes in the human body to be turned into 1,000,000 proteins? |
Post Translational Modifications |
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There are 10 forms of Post Translational Modification. State 8 of these. |
Answer can include any 8 of the following: Prenylation, Disulfide bonds, Hydroxylation, Sulfation, Methylation, Phosphorylation, Glycosylation, Acyl lipidation, Acetylation, Proteolysis |
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What has been suggested as a biomarker for aging? |
Ubiquitin |
