Analytical Chemistry Quiz 1

Front 1

Analyte

Back 1

the components of a sample that are to be determined

Front 2

Assay

Back 2

the process of determining how much of a given sample is the material indicated by its name

Front 3

Representative Sample

Back 3

a small mass of material whose composition accurately represents the bulk of material being sampled

Front 4

Replicate Samples

Back 4

portions of a material of approximately the same size that are carried through an analytical procedure at the same time and in the same way

Front 5

Interference

Back 5

species other than the analyte that cause an error in an analysis by enhancing or attenuating the quantity being measured

Front 6

Sample Matrix

Back 6

all of the components in the sample containing analyte

Front 7

Empirical Determination

Back 7

determining data through experimental means

Front 8

Calibration

Back 8

the process of determining k in the equation Ca = kX, where the measurement of the property (X) is (ideally) directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte (Ca)

Front 9

Absolute Error

Back 9

an accuracy measurement based on the numerical difference between an experimental measurement and its true (or accepted) value

Front 10

Indeterminate Error

Back 10

synonymous with random error

Front 11

Random Error

Back 11

Uncertainties resulting from the operation of small uncontrolled variables that are inevitable as measurement systems are extended to and beyond their limits

Front 12

Systematic Error

Back 12

Errors that have a known source, affect measurements in one and only one way, and can, in principle, be accounted for. Also called determinate error or bias.

Front 13

Weight Percent (w/w)

Back 13

ratio of the mass of a solute to the mass of its solution, multiplied by 100%

Front 14

Weight/Volume Percent (w/v)

Back 14

ration of the mass of a solute to the volume of solution in which it is dissolved, multiplied by 100% (g/mL)

Front 15

Volume Percent (v/v)

Back 15

volume solute / volume solution

Front 16

Cppm

Cppb

Back 16

mass of solute / mass of solution x 10^6

mass of solute / mass of solution x 10^9

remember: 1ppm = 1.00 mg/L for most solutions

Front 17

Specific Gravity

Back 17

kg/L