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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Opioids are the agents most frequently used for pain relief and mild sedation in the ICU (5,6,12). They are most effective …
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for relieving dull tonic pain, less effective for intermittent sharp pain, and relatively ineffective for neuropathic pain….
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Morphine is the most frequently used opioid in ICUs (12), but fentanyl may be preferred because
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it is faster acting, devoid of active metabolites, and less likely to decrease blood pressure….
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Morphine has several active metabolites that can accumulate in renal failure. One metabolite (morphine-3-glucuronide…
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…) can produce central nervous system excitation with myoclonus and seizures
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The PCA is…
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patient controlled anesthesia
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Opioids produce a centrally mediated, dose-dependent decrease in both
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respiratory rate and tidal volume
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Opioids are well known for their ability to depress
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bowel motility
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Meperidine (Demerol, Pethidine) is a popular opioid analgesic that can be an
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an excitatory neurotoxin in critically ill patients, Accumulation of normeperidine can produce central nervous system excitation with agitation, tremors, myoclonus, delirium, hallucinations, and tonic–clonic seizures
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meperidine and morphine are equivalent in their ability to promote spasm of the
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of Oddi and increased intrabiliary pressure
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meperidine continues to be the preferred agent for control of
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…shivering
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Of the 13 benzodiazepines available for clinical use what 3 can be given IV?
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midazolam (versed), Ativan (lorazepam, valium (diazepam
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benzodiazepine of choice for short-term sedation
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versed (midazolam
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has the slowest onset of action of the intravenous benzodiazepines
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…(ativan) Lorazepam
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Intravenous preparations of lorazepam and diazepam contain the solvent
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propylene glycol
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longed administration of propylene glycol can cause?
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… paradoxical agitation, metabolic acidosis, and a clinical syndrome
P.897 that mimics severe sepsis |
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For patients maintained for several days on a midazolam infusion, transitioning to what 1 day prior to extubation can decrease withdrawal?
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prpofol
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Propofol can be useful in neurologic injury because it ?
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reduces cerebral oxygen consumption and intracranial pressure
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Propofol Infusion Syndrome?
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… is a rare and often lethal idiosyncratic reaction characterized by the abrupt onset of heart failure, bradycardia, lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, and rhabdomyolysis
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The most feared adverse effects of haloperidol?
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NMS and TDP…
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