Ana 209 Exam 2

Front 1

What are the 5 properties of muscle that help them carry out their functions?

Back 1

1. Excitability

2. Conductivity

3. Contractility

4. Extensibility

5. Elasticity

Front 2

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Back 2

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Front 3

What 4 muscles play a part in elevating the scapula?

Back 3

Levator Scapulae

Trapezius

Rhomboideus major

Rhomboideus minor

Front 4

What are the 3 connective layers of the muscle tissue and what do each surround?

Back 4

Endomysium- each muscle fiber

Perimysium- binds fibers into fascicles

Epimysium- surrounds the entire muscle

Front 5

What composes the tunica interna (tunica intima)?

Back 5

simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

Front 6

What composes the tunica media?

Back 6

Smooth muscle, collagen, and elastic tissue

Front 7

What composes the tunica externa (tunica adventitia)?

Back 7

Loose connective tissue

Front 8

What are the three types of capillaries?

Back 8

1. Continuous

2. Fenestrated

3. Sinusoids

Front 9

Where can fenestrated capillaries be found?

Back 9

Organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration such as the small intestine or kidneys

Front 10

Where are sinusoid capillaries found?

Back 10

Liver, bone marrow, spleen. Irregular, blood filled spaces.

Front 11

What makes up the classification of "formed elements?"

Back 11

erythrocytes, platelets, and five kinds of leukocytes

Front 12

What is the main protein in plasma?

Back 12

Albumin

Front 13

What is the function of neutrophils?

Back 13

Phagocytize bacteria

Secrete antimicrobial agents

(most common white blood cell)

Front 14

What is the function of an eosinophil?

Back 14

Phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and inflammatory chemicals

Secrete enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites

Front 15

What is the function of a basophil?

Back 15

Secrete histamine- which increases blood flow to tissue

Secrete heparin which promotes mobility of other WBCs

Front 16

What is the function of a monocyte?

Back 16

Differentiate into macrophages

Phagocytize pathogens, dead neutrophils, and debris of dead cells

Present antigens to activate other cells of the immune system

Front 17

What is the function of a lymphocyte?

Back 17

Destry cancer cells

Present antigens to activate other cells in immunity

Coordinate actions of other immune cells

Secrete antibodies

Serve in immune memory

Front 18

What stops blood from entering capillaries?

Back 18

precapillary sphincters

Front 19

In portal systems, what happens?

Back 19

Blood flows through two capillary beds

Front 20

In anastomoses, what happens?

Back 20

Veins or arteries merge without capillaries

Front 21

What does the epicardium consist of?

Back 21

simple squamous epithelium on top of aereolar tissue

Front 22

What does the myocardium consist of?

Back 22

Mostly myocytes

Front 23

What does the endocardium consist of?

Back 23

Consistent with endothelium of blood vessels

Front 24

What kind of walls do the atria have?

Back 24

Thin, flaccid walls

Front 25

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls?

Back 25

The left ventricle

Front 26

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

Back 26

Right atrium

Front 27

After traveling to the atrioventricular node, where do electrical signals in the heart travel?

Back 27

The atrioventricular bundle, or bundle of His

Front 28

What is located in the subcapsular sinus of lymph nodes?

Back 28

Reticular fibers, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Front 29

What is located in the red pulp of the spleen?

Back 29

concentrated erythrocytes

Front 30

What is located in the white pulp of the spleen?

Back 30

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Front 31

What is the function of lacteals?

Back 31

Absorb dietary lipids in the small intestine

Front 32

What do smaller lymphatic vessels consist of?

Back 32

thin endothelial cells without gap junctions

Front 33

What do larger lymphatic vessels consist of?

Back 33

Thin tunica interna, media, and externa

Front 34

What is the role of natural killer cells?

Back 34

attack and lyse bacteria, transplanted cells, and infected or cancerous host cells

Front 35

What is the role of cytotoxic t cells?

Back 35

directly attack and kill infected cells

Front 36

What is the role of regulatory T cells?

Back 36

Prevent an excessive response

Front 37

What is the role of memory T cells?

Back 37

Long lasting memory of the antigen for quicker responses

Front 38

What is the role of B cells?

Back 38

Secrete antibodies, can become memory B cells

Front 39

What is the role of Macrophages?

Back 39

Large, phagocytic cells that ingest and destroy tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and other foreign material

Front 40

What is the role of reticular cells?

Back 40

contribute to stroma of lymphatic organs and act as antigen presenting cells

Front 41

What is the role of dendritic cells?

Back 41

specialized macrophages in the skin, mucous membranes, and lymphatic organs

Front 42

What contributes to nonspecific immunity?

Back 42

Natural killer cells, neutrophils, and other leukocytes

Front 43

What is associated with humoral immunity?

Back 43

B cells

Front 44

What is associated with cellular immunity?

Back 44

T cells

Front 45

Which lymphatic organ does not have the lymph structural/functional unit?

Back 45

thymus

Front 46

How many lymphatic trunks are there?

Back 46

Six

Front 47

What are the two lymphatic collecting ducts?

Back 47

Right lymphatic and thoracic