An Illustrated Guide To Veterinary Medical Terminology Fourth Edition Chapter 3

Front 1

Epi-

Back 1

Above

Front 2

Physis

Back 2

Growth

Front 3

Dia-

Back 3

Between

Front 4

Cortical Bone

Back 4

Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone. Also called compact bone.

Hint 4

Cortex = bark or shell in Latin

Front 5

Cancellous Bone

Back 5

Lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones. Also called spongy bone.

Hint 5

Cancellous = latticework in Latin

Front 6

Epiphysis

Back 6

Wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and is composed of cancellous bone.

Front 7

Peri-

Back 7

Surrounding

Front 8

-um

Back 8

Structure

Front 9

Endo-

Back 9

Within or inner

Front 10

Meta

Back 10

Beyond

Front 11

Diaphysis

Back 11

Shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone

Front 12

Physis

Back 12

Cartilage segment of a long bone that involves growth of the bone

Also called growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage

Hint 12

growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage

Front 13

Metaphysis

Back 13

Wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis

In adult animals it's considered part of the epiphysis

Front 14

Periosteum

Back 14

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone

Front 15

Endosteum

Back 15

Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity

Front 16

Long bones

Back 16

Bones consisting of a shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity

Ex: femur

Hint 16

Femur

Front 17

Short bones

Back 17

Cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity

Ex: carpal bones

Hint 17

carpal bones

Front 18

Flat bones

Back 18

Thin, flat bones

Ex: pelvis

Hint 18

Pelvis

Front 19

Pneumatic bones

Back 19

Sinus-containing bones

Ex: frontal bones

Hint 19

Frontal bones

Front 20

Irregular bones

Back 20

Unpaired bones

Ex: vertebrae

Hint 20

Vertebrae

Front 21

Sesamoid bones

Back 21

Small bones embedded in a tendon

Ex: patella

Only exception is the distal sesamoid of the horse

Hint 21

Patella

Front 22

Musculoskeletal system

Back 22

Consists of two systems that work together to support the body and allow movement of the animal

Front 23

Ostification

Back 23

Formation of bone from fibrous tissue, continues until maturity, which varies with species

Front 24

Bone growth is balanced between the actions of

Back 24

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Front 25

Oste/o

Back 25

Bone

Front 26

-Blasts

Back 26

Immature

Front 27

Osteoblasts

Back 27

Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue

Front 28

Osteoclasts

Back 28

Phagocystic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of long bone

Front 29

-clasts

Back 29

Break

Front 30

Osteocytes

Back 30

Mature osteoblasts

Front 31

Red bone marrow

Back 31

Located in cancellous bone

It's hematopoietic

Front 32

Hematopoietic

Back 32

Forms red, white, and clotting blood cells

Front 33

-poietic

Back 33

Pertaining to formation

Front 34

Medullary cavity

Back 34

Inside long bone. Contains yellow bone marrow.

Front 35

Yellow bone marrow

Back 35

Composed mainly of fat cells and serves as a fat storage area

In adult animals, yellow marrow replaces red.

Front 36

Cartilage

Back 36

Another form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone. This makes it useful in the more flexible portions of the skeleton.

Front 37

Articular cartilage

Back 37

Specific type of cartilage, covers the joint surfaces of bone

Front 38

Meniscus

Back 38

Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the canine stifle, that cushions forces applied to the joint

Front 39

Joints are also called

Back 39

Articulations

Front 40

Articulate

Back 40

Join in a way that allows motion between the parts

Front 41

Synarthroses

Back 41

Allow no movement

Front 42

Amphiarthroses

Back 42

Allow slight movement

Front 43

Diarthroses

Back 43

Allow free movement

Ex: synovial joints

Hint 43

synovial joints

Front 44

Suture

Back 44

Jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint

Hint 44

Typically found on the skull

Front 45

Fontanelle

Back 45

Soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

Front 46

Symphysis

Back 46

Joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone

Ex: mandibular symphysis or pelvic symphysis

Hint 46

mandibular symphysis, pelvic symphysis

Front 47

Another term for symphysis

Back 47

Cartilaginous joint

Front 48

Synovial joints classified as

Back 48

●Ball-and-socket joints

●Arthrodial joints

●Trochoid joints

●Ginglymus joints

Front 49

Other names for ball-and-socket joint

Back 49

●Enarthrosis joints

●Spheroid joints

Hint 49

Two types

Front 50

Another name for Arthrodial joints

Back 50

Condyloid joints

Front 51

Another name for trochoid joint

Back 51

Pivot joint

Front 52

Another name for ginglymus joint

Back 52

Hinge joints

Front 53

Ball-and-socket joint

Back 53

Allow a wide range of motion in many directions

Ex: hip, shoulder joint

Hint 53

hip, shoulder joint

Front 54

Arthrodial joints

Back 54

Have oval projections that fit into a socket

Ex: carpal joints

Hint 54

Carpal joints

Front 55

Trochoid joints

Back 55

Include pulley-shaped joints

Ex: connection between the Atlas to the axis

Hint 55

connection between the Atlas to the axis

Front 56

Hinge joints

Back 56

Allow motion in one plane or direction

Ex: canine stifle and elbow joints

Front 57

Gliding joints

Back 57

Move or glide over each other

Ex: radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae

Hint 57

radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae

Front 58

Saddle joint

Back 58

ONLY IN PRIMATES

Located at carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Gives ability to flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thumb

Hint 58

Only in primates