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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Amino Acid Metabolism
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Happens in Liver
nitrogen is by product |
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Major events in Proteolytic breakdown
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Parietal cells release HCL in stomach to denature protein
Cheif cells secrete pepsinogen gatrin stimulates hcl and pepsin pancreas pumps hco3 into intestine to neutralize ph fats get emulsified with bile acids from liver intestinal cells uptake amino acids and pass them to blood as single amino acids |
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Nitrogen Removal
Transamination |
N cant get into TCA
remove nitrogen and use carbon skeleton (alpha keto acid) aminotransferase |
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Transamination
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amino acid hands N group to Piridoxyl phosphate(cofactor) then passed to alpha keto glutarate to become glutamate
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P
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PLP=useful because of ring and aldehyde group
helod in enzyme by non covalent bond when sustrate bonds with PLP makes a shiff base, internal extenal schiff is more reactive |
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Urea Cycle
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Happens in LIver, makes TCA cycle intermediate
begins in matrix and ends in cytosol |
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urea cycle in matrix
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carbamoyl phosphate made by hco3 and atp and nitrogen group (carbamoyl phosphate synthase)
the nitrogen group comes from glutamate into alpha keto glutarate by glutamate dehydrog. and nitrogen released for use carbamoylphosphate combines with ornithine to make citruline (ornithine trans carbamolyase) |
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continuing urea cycle in cytosol
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1=citrulline into cytosol
combines with aspartate (2nd nitrogen source) to become argininosuccinate(argininosuccinate synthetase) 2=arginocuccinate becomes arginine and fumarate (TCA cycle)(argininosuccinase) 3=arginine with water turns into orhitine and urea (arginase) urea diffuses out of cytosol to blood to kidney to get filtered |
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Connections between Urea cycle and TCA cycle
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insert pic. 63 pg 17
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ALT alanine aminotransferase
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transfers the amino group form alanine to alpha ketoglutarate which forms pyruvate and glutamate
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AST aspartate aminotransferase
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transfers amino groups grom gutamate to oxaloacetate froming aspartate which is used as a nitrogen source in the urea cycle
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Glutamine
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the transfer molecule of amonia
made by glugamate and amonia takes it to kidney for filtration abundant in cells |