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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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“Black Irish”
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evil, worse than africans because they were like wolves in sheeps clothing, were thought of as actually black on the inside
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Voting Blocks
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when a group of individuals vote the same way
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Conscription Laws
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1863, irish face draft to fight
-have to be rich and pay enough money to get withdrawn, can pay for a replacement |
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Drunks
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stereotyped because they allow children to drink, use it for medicine, go to pubs during the day with the family, alcohol was cheap at the time
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Paddy and Bridget
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stereotypical characters of an irish man and woman
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Institutional Catholic Church
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acculturation and patriarchal schools, go to church ALL the time and go to catholic schooling
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Parochial Schools
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children went to acculturate not assimilate, was held in the church, free
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Organized Crime
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developed as a political crime, families are related by ethnicity not blood, were involved in prostitution, drugs, alcohol when it was all illegal
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New York Draft Riots, 1863
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irish lashed out on people who weren't wasps due to constant anger about wasps, start a riot with african-americans, burn buildings orphanage
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Divisions in China?
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naturally divided- topography and regionalized- cultural division
-mountain ranges, deserts, etc. makes them develop diff. cultures= different politics, food, culture, language |
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Patriarchy
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set up in family as males are the head, eldest male is in charge of the clan
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Clans
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blood related, unlike scots irish
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Surname
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in US it is your last name, in China is it your first name, clan name
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“Guadong” or Canton Province
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only area where chinese immigrated from= not agricultural but industrial, traders, cosmopolitan
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Toishan
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large urban area most knew english language, popular area where chinese migrated from, one city
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Imperialism
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major push factor for chinese: one country going into another country and taking over, people were losing jobs, their culture, breaking the canton area up
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Weather
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another push factors for chinese, 2 huge tsunamis, killed thousands of people and ruined crops
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Tsunami
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huge title waves that ruined chinese
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Gum Saan
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"gold mountain"-nickname, think american is the promise land, california full of gold
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“gold mountain”
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nickname for California by the chinese
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Return Migration
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plan is to go to america to make money and then eventually come back home to china
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Chinatown, San Francisco, CA
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town of trading, biggest town in the west, separated from wasps but were still close, formed into ghetto areas
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Gold Miners
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jobs chinese had, gold rush eventually ends
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Foreign Miners Tax
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have to pay a tax to work in the US, 25% of income has to be paid back
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Domestics
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chinese men started to become workers in the house, maids, cooks, very feminine jobs because there were no women to do it, worsened their stereotype
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“Feminine Jobs”
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make a lot of money, can set their own rate since it was in high demand
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Transcontinental Railroad
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very dangerous, paid before you light the fuse, helped build the railroad through mountains, many workers died from the explosives, 50% chance of dying
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Lighters
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workers who lit the explosive to blow through mountains
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Migrant Farm Work
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hired for a block of time, can go home after the block, pay is about $1 a week, have to learn how to farm and compete for their jobs
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Bachelor Society
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all single males whether they are married or not, family back home in china
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The Six Companies
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import/export companies, merchants move chinese back and forth form america, each company has name of person who owns company, acts as a father figure
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Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
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Rice districts
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district of crime, all of Chinatown
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Opium Dens
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where you buy opium, chinese sold it illegally
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Prostitution
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import women for prostitution, illegal in US
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Tongs
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for individuals not represented by the 6 companies, loosely bound people with nothing in common, get along because they have to, organized crime, not blood linked
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The Chinese Question of 1867
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"can we deport the chinese?" two candidates: one wants to exclude chinese the other wants to deport them, the exclude candidate wins
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Naturalization Act of 1870
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a person who is not white or black cant be a citizen of the us, think the chinese will leave if they cant be a citizen, none of them care, they don't leave
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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
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excludes all chinese from coming into the country, passed every 10 years until 1943
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Scott Act of 1888
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state law in california, states where the us boundaries are, keep changing them so chinese dont know they are out of it then cant come back into america
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Chae Chan Ping V. US 1889
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sues california for the scott acts claiming it is unconstitutional, loses then goes to supreme court and a law is passed on immigration
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1906 Earthquake
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caused a series of fines- burns courthouse down- all birth certificates are burned-6 companies start forging citizenship documents
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Paper Sons
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chinese who come to immigrate and claim they are sons of someone living in america, 1000's come in through this
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Angel Island, 1910
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build barracks to keep and investigate whether chinese were citizens or not, kept there for months sometimes
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Naturalization Act of 1943
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ends chinese exclusion act and ends Nat Act of 1870, outlaws scotts act- allows immigration of 105 chinese per year, did this because chinese were our allis against japan in WWII
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Communism (1949)
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China becomes a communist country, small group go to chinatown and SanFran
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Refugee Status
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US grants this to chinese but the women still have to go through Angel Island to prove they are anti-communist
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Model Minority
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after 1950 chinese bring technology to america, radios, tvs, dont actually invent but make them cheaper and are considered geniuses
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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set good stereotypes for german, not actually dutch, protestant, good number, settled away form wasps, have money, make america look beautiful
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“Dirt Farmers”
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work for themselves, self-sufficient, a person who improves the farms
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Revolutions of 1848
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upperclass, pushed out of germany, fearing for lives for the princes fighting for power
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“48ers”
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nickname for upperclass germans because we love them, brought money and got a lot of press
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Potato Blight
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push factor for lower class
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Beer and Pianos
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two things germans brought over, middle class
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Germantown
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location for middle class, only speak german, print german newspapers, didnt even acculturate
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"German Triangle” – Cincinnati,Milwaukee, St. Louis
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settled based on religion, 40% german population
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Parochial schools
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based on religion like the Irish, primarily protestant
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Lower East Side – “Little Germany”
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lowerclass slettled here, formed ethnic enclaves, NYC
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Model Immigrants
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definition is completely flawed, freak-out that immigrants are not assimilating, so they make up new definition, decided that everyone should be like germans but really like the Penn. Dutch
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“Yellow Press”
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– Newspapers printing lies. During the 1920s when organized crime rises up the group that we hate the most at the time is the most recent, Italians. So we point the fingers to them.
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Al Capone
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-Southern Italian that was the poster boy for organized crime. He was a huge leader of organized crime. So he kinda made it worse to the Southern Italian reputation.
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Blue Collar
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Second generation → people moved up the ladder thanks to organized crime; more educated. However, they did not highly value eduation. They saw education as assimilation. Southern Italian children didn’t go to school until the law says they went to school. Will drop out as soon as they could and not go to college.
Went into Blue collar work → plumber, electrician, waste management, police, firemen, etc. Taught by their family member. |
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Rosie the Riveter
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(second gen. southern Italian woman who was working in a factory, women worked outside the home)
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Frank Sinatra
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the teen idol, southern Italian
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Joe DiMaggio
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Yankees, changed the sporting world
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Citizenship
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-must have green card for 5 years, only quick was is to marry American citizen, can take test in any lanuage must will have an English oral exam
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Nativism
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new immigrants were coming so often that the fear of waps being minority came back even stronger than before
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Xenophobia
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dislike turned into fear of the other
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Ellis Island
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start to count how many people were coming into the country 1892-1954, immigrant processing center for new immigrants, 12 million, class based
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The Quota Acts
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1921 3%/1910/357,000 a percentage
take a censes and see how many there are of each immigrant, pick a number of how many are here and allow that many per year |
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Immigration Act of 1921
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-changed the cenus to 3%/1910/357000
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Immigration Act of 1924 (Johnson-Reed or National Origins Act)
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-changed census again to limit immigrants form coming 2%/1890/164000, exception for our neighbors since we like them(Canada, mexico, carribean, south America)
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Refugee/ Political Asylum
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exempt from visa, no status on naturalization
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Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
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-Johnson believed quota acts were racist, switch to hemispheres
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Amnesty
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-Jan. 1 1982 illegals had a chance to become citizens if they proved they lived here but they thought it was a trap so very few applied for it
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Hemispheres
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western- 120,000 allowed per year, eastern-170,000 allowed per year, equality-allow 20k from each country until we get up to the numbers in each hemisphere
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Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
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raegan came on tv and screamed this: simply changes the idea of illegal immigrants and limit their jobs( get rid of why they are coming rather than not letting them in)
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Burden of Proof
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employers must proves their workers are legal and get documents , but if your already here before this than your legal
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Immigration Act of 1990
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-700,000 can apply to come per year, first come first served
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Family Visa, Job Visa and Diversity Visa
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family- member of immediate family can apply you to come in, 99% out of 100 times it is granted(most common)
job- if someone has a job or skill(celebrities, sports players, doctors) diversity- if we don’t have people from a certain country and we want them =can have as many of these people as we want to come in each year |
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Lottery
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-55,000 online to get a visa based on a lottery system
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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
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-immigration and naturalization services(INS)
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Visas
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-2 types, allows you to stay in america
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Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Visas
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1. Immigrant(staying for a while) 2. Non-immigrant(not staying a while)
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K-1
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-fiancé visa
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F-1
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-non-immigrant, student visa, work/not work
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Residency
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-permanently live in America legally
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I-485 – “Green Card” - Permanent Resident
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-most expensive forms on citizenship
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Propaganda in World War I
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Great Britain starts propaganda to germans, tell US that germans wear "baby-kabobs," there are german spies so Americans think all german-americans are spies as well
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“Pumped Up Patriotism”
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germans need to quickly assimilate, idea that they wont do anything their enemies do, will change their name and cultures to fit the American culture., help the american army, become translators, SUPER ASSIMILATE
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“Hyphenated-Americans”
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terms we have been using= German-American, African-American
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Internment in World War II
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11,000 of germans who are 1st generation: some are spying but not all, not death camps but more like jails
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Oktoberfest
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german celebration, nothing to do with october, see German-Americans culture
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Jewish Diaspora
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70 AD Romans will sack the main worship of jews their temple and kick them out of their homeland which is today's Israel
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Anti-Semitism
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anti-jewish behavior
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“Killers of Christ”
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jews turn jesus to caesar
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Smite
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when g-d destroys a wrath, if you killed, floods, black plague, great depression, great fire of San Fran
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Usury
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to collect interest on a loan, Christians didnt practice this but jews did
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Banking/Finance
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collecting money as bankers from the christian sufferings, jews became great bankers and financiers
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Jewish Ghettos
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walled with 2 gates and were closed every night and locked in
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German Jews
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like all other germans because they are the same, most middle class, settled where other germans did
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Peddlers
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salesmen for rural germans, good quality good for reasonable price
ex. Levi Strauss, Sears Roebuck, Macy's |
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Second Wave
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eastern european jews
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New Immigrants
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5 definitions: orthodox religion, no english, no skills, came from eastern or southern europe, pull factor was industrial revolution
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Industrial Revolution
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pull factor for middle class jews in second wave
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Ashkenazic Jews
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all from russia
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Orthodox Judaism
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very strict form of judaism, was very odd to wasps
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"Russification”/ “Russify”
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russia decides to take over the country politically and culturally
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Pogroms
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state sponsored population elimination
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Lower East Side
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NYC cheapest rent where low class ashkenazic jews settle
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Kosher
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strict form of dietary regulations
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Yiddish
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language spoken by jews so they can talk to each other if from different countries
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Sabbath Day
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friday night until saturday night, people wouldnt want to hire them since they would miss two days of the week, manipulate the work system
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Tenements
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low class jews settled here as well
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Sweat Shops
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to work inside your home, factory owners find cheap workers and bring the factory to their homes, paid by quantity so it solved many problems
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Conservative Judaism
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combines jews in an attempt to get along and fit in: gets rid of traditional dress, sabbath day returns to friday/saturday, being kosher is left to the individual, no more different types of hews, they all blend to make the "American Jew"
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Labor Laws of the 1920s
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five day work week, eight hour day child labor laws, learn english by working in factories
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Hitler/ Nazi Germany
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wants jews gone
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Final Solution/ Holocaust
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push factor for all jews, elimination of jews
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Political Asylum
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NO REFUGEE STATUS TO JEWS DURING WWII
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Albert Einstein
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jewish, genius
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
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famous german jew
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State of Israel
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Great Britain gives Jews their land back, US feels guilty and officially recognizes Israel
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Reverse Diaspora
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Jews return to Israel
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Italy (North vs. South)
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NORTH STEREOTYPES → Skilled, educated, money, light skinned, protestant
southern stereotypes o Illiterate (true) o Lowest class in southern class (peasants/tenant farmers don’t own land) o Non-skilled farmers o No money o Considered “backwards” → meaning o Darker skinned → work in the sun and mix with people from up north |
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Illiterate
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true for southern italians
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Peasants
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in southern italy
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“Amoral Familism”
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not only is the family the only instituion in the world but also anyone outside of your family is your enemy. They literally thought anyone else was out to do them harm. Patriarchal family. Father and there was also a leader (the BEST guy in the family) Males are allowed to go out of the house. But women weren’t allowed to be seen by anyone outside their family.-italians
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Honor
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-have great respect and honor for family
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vendetta
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if two italians got into a fight at a bar they would publically announce a vendetta against a FAMILY. To get rid of it, you must publically apologize which would shame the family.
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virginity
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How women represent their honor. Women link Italian families together. A wedding was a huge deal. When two people decide to get married, Wedding was 3 step process: 1) wedding service inside of the church just groom bride and parents. 2) A public reception. Families used this to show off a little wealth. Can last days. The brides family has to give the grooms family something usually called a dowry. Usually it was a set of sheets. Everyone watched the sheets be placed on the marital bed. 3) sex. You weren’t actually married until you had sex. Then they would put the sheets up and make sure there was blood on the sheets.
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Non-Institutional Catholic
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Southern italians hated the church because the church owned most of southern italy and had a lot of gold. They did believe in god. A NIC is a catholic that is never in church except for 3 times in their life: baptism, marriage, and death. Theyre nicknamed hatched, matched, and dispatched. BUT were very religious. However, they prayed for themselves, not other people.
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Shrine
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since they didn’t go to church they would have shrines with the saints, candles, rosaries, etc.
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Virgin Mary
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They prayed to her to show their devotion
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Saints
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prayed to show devotion
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“Magic”
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southern italians believe in magic
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Return migration/Chain migration for italians
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return migration (like Chinese), they go to America and plan to go back to italy in 5 years.
In 1880 – 70% practice this return migration In 1920 – only 10% practice it. Sent back aprox. $1 Billion to Italy. First sent the best candidates → MEN Chain Migration → Things get so bad in Italy that they decide they are going to send the whole family over. This was around 1920s |
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Little Italy, NYC
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formed ethnic enclaves here
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Padrone
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a guy who would be on the dock calling out cities he represents in italy. And if his family likes/knows your family then he would find you a job, a place to live, anything you need. He does it for money. He would collect your paychecks from you and would take a percentage of your income. This system works very well with return migration but not chain migration.
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Mutual Aid Societies
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Italian families get together and decide theyre going to be friends in America. 2 or 3 families who get together to help each other out.
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Cosa Nostra
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Mafia actually comes from Sicily. It is a mutual aid society set up in italy. Means “our thing” had only a couple families helping each other out. Mafia means place of refuge.
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Mafia – “Mafia Myth”
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two things: 1) all southern italians are in organized crime. 2) All organized crime is Italian. ( 0.0002% of Italians have been proven to have dealt with the Mafia/organized crime. There are much larger organized crime groups like russians) Helped the Italians climb up the ladder.
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Prohibition
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Reality: Italians are involved in organized crime, yes. Italian organized crime died down a lot after prohibition.
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tenements-Italians
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will only usually live with other southern italians
Family → women live the exact same life as they did in italy. Children worked inside factories started at the age of 3 and girls until they were 12. Usually about 15 people living in one room. |
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shrine
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itallians since they didn’t go to church they would have shrines with the saints, candles, rosaries, etc.
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