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43 Cards in this Set
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Populists
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Political doctrine or philosophy that aims to defend interests of the common people against a corrupt/elite government.
*More radical than progressives |
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Jacob Riis
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Photography pioneer: used photo journalism to help poor laborers/lower class
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George Washington Plunkitt
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Ward boss--NY's "Tammany Hall Machine"
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tenement
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a rundown apartment house barely meeting minimal standards--low income housing
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urbanization
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the process of human movement and centralization towards and into cities and urban areas
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Jane Addams and Hull House
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Jane Addams: founder of Hull house and social worker. Hull house was a settlement house for the poor and offered night schooling..almost like a community center
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Progressives
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Nativists that favored political reform, used populist ideas but less radically.
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Lester Ward
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1st president of American Sociological Association
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Muckrakers
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A journalist, author, or filmmaker that investigates and exposes societal issues. Ex: Upton Sinclair
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Social Gospel movement
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Reapplicator of Christian principles to social problems as seen in progressivism & "Christians Against Poverty"
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Ida Tarbell
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Leading muckraker, wrote "History of Standard Oil Company"
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Walter Rauschenbusch
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Christian Minister, part of social gospel movement. Wrote "Christianity and the Social Crisis"
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Florence Kelley
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abolitionist republican, went to Hull House, served as a factory inspector. Helped establish Food and Drug Act of 1906 and founded the National Consumers league.
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National Consumers League
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Founded in 1899. Set and produced standards to help consumer safety.
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Ida B. Wells
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Muckraker: exposed black lynchings in the South
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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Civil rights organization; fought Jim Crow laws, Ida B. Wells attended 1st meeting
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Robert LaFollette
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Progressive politician: 20th governer of wisconsin, ran for president. Anarchist that advocated election reforms. (Primaries, recall, workmen's compensation laws)
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Initiative
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A petition which can propose a constitutional amendment or persuade the posting of legislation
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Muller v. Oregon
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Restricted discrimination against women, a woman was forced to work more than 10 hour days. The case ended in favor of the woman.
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Louis Brandeis
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Supreme court justice, appointed by Woodrow Wilson. "The Brandeis Brief" provided supreme court in Muller v. Oregon w/info on how long working hours affected women.
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John Dewey
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Leading representative of US progressivism schooling. Founder of philosophical school of Pragmatism.
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Margaret Sanger
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Founder of American Birth Control League (became Planned Parenthood).
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Knights of Labor & Terrence Powderly
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Nativist organization founded by Terrence Powderly that sought to bring laboreres together: wanted to achieve "emancipation" from this slavish workplace.
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J.P. Morgan
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Formed G.E., U.S. Steel Corporation. Merged large companies to make one monopoly
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Homestead Act
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Law that gave 160 acres of land to settlers in West.
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Restrictions of Immigration
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Chinese Exclusion Act, Contract Labor Law
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Mercantilisim
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Government plays protecting role in society: encourages exports and discourages imports (esp. through tariffs)
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Friedrich List
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Economic philosophy that gov't sets standards that all factories must obey. Production, NOT consumption. More focus on common good.
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Laissez-Faire
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Free-market trade/economies: minimal gov't role. Individuals do what is best for nation.
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Vertical Integration
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Company owns every step in production; ex. Carnegie Oil
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Horizontal Combination
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Owns/sells one specific product to numerous markets; ex. Standard Oil
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National Labor Union
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Helped improve laborers' conditions by stabilizing wages and shortening hours.
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Haymarket Square, the Haymarket 8
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Riot for laborers rights and conditions when a bomb went off: end of Knights of Labor. 8 men convicted of throwing bomb; all German and were linked to anarchy.
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Square Deal
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1. Threatened to use army to keep mines open for miners
2. Used Sherman Anti-Trust Act to reduce monopolies 3. Added Dept. of Commerce and Labor 4. FDA 5. Meat Inspection. 6. Conservation of massive areas to Ntl. Forests |
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Difference between Poplulist (People's Party) and Progressives
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Populists: Lower classes, radical ideas
Progressives: Upper class whites with less radical populist ideas, nativists. |
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Acts to Control Monopolies:
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1. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
2. Interstate Commerce Act--regulated railroads, no discrimination 3. Hepburn Act--helped ICC, let gov't view railroad $ records 4. Clayton Act--eliminates price discrimination between purchasers |
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Pullman Strike
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In depression of 1893, want for cars dropped and Pullman cut wages by 28% and did not lower rents for apts. they owned. Sparked railroad workers across nation to strike.
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Great Railroad Strike
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B&O Railroad wagecuts provoked strike, extremely violent strike. National Guard forced to intervene.
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Homestead Act
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Battle between labor union and Carnegie Steel Co. in Homestead, PA. Pinkertons were sent to stop strikers, and failed. Ntl. Guard had to oppress strikers.
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Lincoln Steffens
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One of the most influential muckrakers--used journalism. Exposed city bosses, urban machines.
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AFL, Samuel Gompers
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Saw capitalism as path to bettering labor, aimed to better lives of workers but not by challenging corp. owners. S.G. founded org. and was opposed to socialist views.
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Eugene Debs
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Eugene Debs: Socialist, founded ILU and ran for president. Participated in Pullman Strike.
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American Protective Association
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Anti-Catholic secret society, made up of mostly Irish Protestants. Wanted to make English a prerequisite for immigrants.
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