American Revolution Vocabulary

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Colony formed; didn't give supplies to army; did form the Continental Army, appoint George Washington as commanding general, and approved the Declaration of Independence.

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Second Continental Congress

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leader of group of backwoodsmen known as the Green Mountain Boys; co-led successful attack against Ft. Ticonderoga

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Ethan Allen

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an officer of the Continental Army; led successful battles such as Ft. Ticonderoga and the Battles of Saratoga; (led unsuccessful battle in Quebec); betrayed his army and joined Britain

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Benedict Arnold

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A general in the British Army; Parliament appointed him to enforce the Intolerable Acts; sent British army to Lexington and Concord which later became the first battles of the war

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Thomas Gage

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Writer of Common Sense and The American Crisis; convinced colonists that independence was necessary

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Thomas Paine

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pamphlet stating that Revolution was necessary

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Common Sense

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British commander of army during early stages of war; defeated the Continental Army in New York & New Jersey; fired after failure at Saratoga

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William Howe

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a captain of the Continental Army; America's first spy

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Nathan Hale

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He was head of the southern British army; surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia

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Charles Cornwallis

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British general who led a force south from Canada; captured Ft. Ticonderoga;

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John Burgoyne

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called "Gentlemen Johnny"

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American victory which stopped the British attempt to divide the colonies & convinced France to become an American ally; turning point of the war

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Battle of Saratoga

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Treaty by France that stated that France was an ally of United States and would help with the war against Britain

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Treaty of Alliance

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German who helped turn inexperienced fighters into a skilled fighting force; trained them fight in an European style

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Baron Friedrich von Steuben

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a 19-year-old French nobleman who volunteered to serve in Washington's army; Washington regarded him almost as a son; persuaded France to come help America

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Marquis de Lafayette

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24-year-old frontiersman who captured and controlled the Ohio River Valley throughout the rest of the war with only 200 men

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George Rogers Clarke

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a privately owned ship that has government permission during wartime to attack an enemy's merchant ships; huge source of supplies for American army

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Privateers

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father of the American navy; defeated HMS Serapis; led many daring attacks on British naval supply lines

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John Paul Jones

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Ship bought by John Paul Jones; patrolled English waters for merchant ships; was used to attack and defeat Serapis

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Bonhomme Richard

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"Swamp Fox"; provided Gates with vital info of South Carolina's swamps; used Guerrilla Tactics

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Francis Marion

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American general in South; fought and defeated the British at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina

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Daniel Morgan

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After Gate's defeat, became a general of the southern army; led short quick battles dealing heavy blows to the British

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Nathaniel Greene

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Real Name: Mary Hays; gave water to tired soldiers

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Molly Pitcher

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defeated Admiral Thomas Grave's fleet in the Battle of Chesapeake leaving Cornwallis stranded and making it almost impossible for him to receive reinforcements

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Admiral de Grasse

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led a large French force; aided Washington in the Battle of Yorktown, the last major battle in the Revolutionary War

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General Rochambeau

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treaty that ended Revolutionary War, confirming the independence of the United States and setting the boundaries for a new nation

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Treaty of Paris

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American commander-in-chief; led the Continental Army to victory over the British in the Revolutionary War

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George Washinton

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British monarch who first sent British troops to the colonies to enforce the acts; was the king during the American Revolution

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King George III

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last significant of the Revolutionary War; which resulted in the surrender of British forces in 1781

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Battle of Yorktown

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administrative head of the British government; worked with Parliament to accomplish king's agenda; adviser to king

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British Prime Minister

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French monarch who sen aid to the Americans after allying with them; sent badly needed supplies, troops and funds; persuaded Spain to ally with Americans

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King Louis XVI